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Outer-approximation-based branch-and-bound is a common algorithmic framework for solving MINLPs (mixed-integer nonlinear programs) to global optimality, with branching variable selection critically influencing overall performance. In modern…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-02-12 Timo Berthold , Fritz Geis

Machine learning is increasingly used to guide branch-and-cut (B&C) for mixed-integer linear programming by learning score-based policies for selecting branching variables and cutting planes. Many approaches train on local signals from…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-02-02 Hongyu Cheng , Amitabh Basu

Mixed-integer programming (MIP) extends linear programming by incorporating both continuous and integer decision variables, making it widely used in production planning, logistics scheduling, and resource allocation. However, MIP remains…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Jinyu Zhang , Di Huang , Yue Liu , Shuo Wang , Zhenyu Pu , Zhiyuan Liu

We consider integer programming problems with bounded general-integer variables belonging to the general class of network flow problems. For those, we computationally investigate the effect on mixed-integer linear programming (MIP) solvers…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-04-09 Pierre Bonami , Sanjeeb Dash , Anton Derkach , Andrea Lodi

This paper proposes a new mixed-integer programming (MIP) formulation to optimize split rule selection in the decision tree induction process, and develops an efficient search algorithm that is able to solve practical instances of the MIP…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-31 Yanchao Liu

There has been a surge of interest in learning optimal decision trees using mixed-integer programs (MIP) in recent years, as heuristic-based methods do not guarantee optimality and find it challenging to incorporate constraints that are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-15 Shivaram Subramanian , Wei Sun

Mixed Integer Programming (MIP) is one of the most widely used modeling techniques for combinatorial optimization problems. In many applications, a similar MIP model is solved on a regular basis, maintaining remarkable similarities in model…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-09-10 Jian-Ya Ding , Chao Zhang , Lei Shen , Shengyin Li , Bing Wang , Yinghui Xu , Le Song

The current cut selection algorithm used in mixed-integer programming solvers has remained largely unchanged since its creation. In this paper, we propose a set of new cut scoring measures, cut filtering techniques, and stopping criteria,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-07-18 Mark Turner , Timo Berthold , Mathieu Besançon

In Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MIP), a (strong) backdoor is a "small" subset of an instance's integer variables with the following property: in a branch-and-bound procedure, the instance can be solved to global optimality by branching…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-07-11 Elias B. Khalil , Pashootan Vaezipoor , Bistra Dilkina

We propose a machine learning approach for quickly solving Mixed Integer Programs (MIP) by learning to prioritize a set of decision variables, which we call pseudo-backdoors, for branching that results in faster solution times.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-10 Aaron Ferber , Jialin Song , Bistra Dilkina , Yisong Yue

In model predictive control (MPC) for hybrid systems, solving optimization problems efficiently and with guarantees on worst-case computational complexity is critical to satisfy the real-time constraints in these applications. These…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-11 Shamisa Shoja , Daniel Arnström , Daniel Axehill

Branch-and-cut is the most widely used algorithm for solving integer programs, employed by commercial solvers like CPLEX and Gurobi. Branch-and-cut has a wide variety of tunable parameters that have a huge impact on the size of the search…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-13 Maria-Florina Balcan , Siddharth Prasad , Tuomas Sandholm , Ellen Vitercik

We present a new branch-and-bound type search method for mixed integer linear optimization problems based on the concept of offshoots (introduced in this paper). While similar to a classic branch-and-bound method, it allows for changing the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-09-07 Philipp M. Christophel , Imre Pólik

We present a solver for Mixed Integer Programs (MIP) developed for the MIP competition 2022. Given the 10 minutes bound on the computational time established by the rules of the competition, our method focuses on finding a feasible solution…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Warley Almeida Silva , Federico Bobbio , Flore Caye , Defeng Liu , Justine Pepin , Carl Perreault-Lafleur , William St-Arnaud

In this paper, we propose a Bi-layer Predictionbased Reduction Branch (BP-RB) framework to speed up the process of finding a high-quality feasible solution for Mixed Integer Programming (MIP) problems. A graph convolutional network (GCN) is…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-09-28 Lingying Huang , Xiaomeng Chen , Wei Huo , Jiazheng Wang , Fan Zhang , Bo Bai , Ling Shi

Cutting planes are crucial in solving mixed integer linear programs (MILP) as they facilitate bound improvements on the optimal solution. Modern MILP solvers rely on a variety of separators to generate a diverse set of cutting planes by…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-11-13 Sirui Li , Wenbin Ouyang , Max B. Paulus , Cathy Wu

Branch-and-Bound (B\&B) is an exact method in integer programming that recursively divides the search space into a tree. During the resolution process, determining the next subproblem to explore within the tree-known as the search…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Gwen Maudet , Grégoire Danoy

We survey recent work on machine learning (ML) techniques for selecting cutting planes (or cuts) in mixed-integer linear programming (MILP). Despite the availability of various classes of cuts, the task of choosing a set of cuts to add to…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-11-01 Arnaud Deza , Elias B. Khalil

This paper proposes a novel primal heuristic for Mixed Integer Programs, by employing machine learning techniques. Mixed Integer Programming is a general technique for formulating combinatorial optimization problems. Inside a solver, primal…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-07-05 Yunzhuang Shen , Yuan Sun , Andrew Eberhard , Xiaodong Li

The Branch-and-bound (B&B) algorithm is the main solver for Mixed Integer Linear Programs (MILPs), where the selection of branching variable is essential to computational efficiency. However, traditional heuristics for branching often fail…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Dou Jiabao , Nie Jiayi , Yihang Cheng , Jinwei Liu , Yingrui Ji , Canran Xiao , Feixiang Du , Jiaping Xiao