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The characterization or subsequent use of propagating optical quantum state requires the knowledge of its precise temporal mode. Defining this mode structure very often relies on a detailed a priori knowledge of the used resources, when…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-11-21 Olivier Morin , Claude Fabre , Julien Laurat

Precise information about the temporal mode of optical states is crucial for optimizing their interaction efficiency between themselves and/or with matter in various quantum communication devices. Here we propose and experimentally…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-09 Zhongzhong Qin , Adarsh S. Prasad , Travis Brannan , Andrew MacRae , A. Lezama , A. I. Lvovsky

Field-orthogonal temporal mode analysis of optical fields is recently developed for a new framework of quantum information science. But so far, the exact profiles of the temporal modes are not known, which makes it difficult to achieve mode…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-06-24 Nan Huo , Yuhong Liu , Jiamin Li , Liang Cui , Xin Chen , Rithwik Palivela , Tianqi Xie , Xiaoying Li , Z. Y. Ou

We present an analysis of the time domain measurement of temporally resolvable quantum states using balanced homodyne detection. Our approach outlines a formalism of detecting quantum states in arbitrary temporal modes via projection of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-17 Owen Sandner , Brendan Mackey , Yuyang Liu , Connor Kupchak , Andrew MacRae

Temporal-spectral modes of light provide a fundamental window into the nature of atomic and molecular systems and offer robust means for information encoding. Methods to precisely characterize the temporal-spectral state of light at the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-08-29 Alex O. C. Davis , Valérian Thiel , Michał Karpiński , Brian J. Smith

The large capacity and robustness of information encoding in the temporal mode of photons is important in quantum information processing, in which characterizing temporal quantum states with high usability and time resolution is essential.…

Long-distance quantum communication relies on storing and retrieving photonic qubits in orthogonal field modes. The available degrees of freedom for photons are polarization, spatial-mode profile, and temporal/spectral profile. To date,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-18 Dileep V. Reddy , Michael G. Raymer , Colin J. McKinstrie

We review experimental work on the measurement of the quantum state of optical fields, and the relevant theoretical background. The basic technique of optical homodyne tomography is described with particular attention paid to the role…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-08-23 M. G. Raymer , M. Beck

A photon is the single excitation of a particular spatiotemporal mode of the electromagnetic field. A precise knowledge of the mode structure is therefore essential for its processing and detection, as well as for applying generic quantum…

Controlling the temporal mode shape of quantum light pulses has wide ranging application to quantum information science and technology. Techniques have been developed to control the bandwidth, allow shifting in the time and frequency…

This review covers latest developments in continuous-variable quantum-state tomography of optical fields and photons, placing a special accent on its practical aspects and applications in quantum information technology. Optical homodyne…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-05-29 A. I. Lvovsky , M. G. Raymer

Recent progress in ultrafast optics facilitates the investigation of the dynamics of highly multimode quantum states of light, as demonstrated by the application of electro-optic sampling to quantum states of the electromagnetic field. Yet,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-13 Emanuel Hubenschmid , Guido Burkard

We present an experimental demonstration of the power of real-time feedback in quantum metrology, confirming a theoretical prediction by Wiseman regarding the superior performance of an adaptive homodyne technique for single-shot…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Michael A. Armen , John K. Au , John K. Stockton , Andrew C. Doherty , Hideo Mabuchi

Subnatural-linewidth single-photon source is a potential candidate for exploring the time degree of freedom in photonic quantum information science. This type of single-photon source has been demonstrated to be generated and reshaped in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-11-14 Ce Yang , Zhenjie Gu , Peng Chen , Zhongzhong Qin , J. F. Chen , Weiping Zhang

Complete characterization of states and processes that occur within quantum devices is crucial for understanding and testing their potential to outperform classical technologies for communications and computing. However, solving this task…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-05-07 E. S. Tiunov , V. V. Tiunova , A. E. Ulanov , A. I. Lvovsky , A. K. Fedorov

Ultrafast continuous-variable quantum states offer new opportunities for advanced quantum technologies, but efficient homodyne detection of these states remains challenging. Here, we present a method for efficient ultrafast homodyne…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-15 Young-Do Yoon , Chan Roh , Geunhee Gwak , Young-Sik Ra

We introduce a technique to determine photon correlations of optical light fields in real time. The method is based on ultrafast phase-randomized homodyne detection and allows us to follow the temporal evolution of the second-order…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2018-10-12 Carolin Lüders , Johannes Thewes , Marc Aßmann

Plenty of quantum information protocols are enabled by manipulation and detection of photonic spectro-temporal degrees of freedom via light-matter interfaces. While present implementations are well suited for high-bandwidth photon sources…

We describe a novel tool for the quantum characterization of optical devices. The experimental setup involves a stable reference state that undergoes an unknown quantum transformation and is then revealed by balanced homodyne detection.…

High-dimensional quantum information processing promises capabilities beyond the current state of the art, but addressing individual information-carrying modes presents a significant experimental challenge. Here we demonstrate effective…

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