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Content-aware graphic layout generation aims to automatically arrange visual elements along with a given content, such as an e-commerce product image. In this paper, we argue that the current layout generation approaches suffer from the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-17 Daichi Horita , Naoto Inoue , Kotaro Kikuchi , Kota Yamaguchi , Kiyoharu Aizawa

We present a novel generative method for the creation of city-scale road layouts. While the output of recent methods is limited in both size of the covered area and diversity, our framework produces large traversable graphs of high quality…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-02 Michael Birsak , Tom Kelly , Wamiq Para , Peter Wonka

Despite advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) and Multimodal LLMs (MLLMs) for visual document understanding (VDU), visual information extraction (VIE) from relation-rich documents remains challenging due to the layout diversity and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Zi-Han Jiang , Chien-Wei Lin , Wei-Hua Li , Hsuan-Tung Liu , Yi-Ren Yeh , Chu-Song Chen

Dense retrieval has achieved impressive advances in first-stage retrieval from a large-scale document collection, which is built on bi-encoder architecture to produce single vector representation of query and document. However, a document…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-17 Shunyu Zhang , Yaobo Liang , Ming Gong , Daxin Jiang , Nan Duan

Despite significant recent progress on generative models, controlled generation of images depicting multiple and complex object layouts is still a difficult problem. Among the core challenges are the diversity of appearance a given object…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-10-16 Bo Zhao , Lili Meng , Weidong Yin , Leonid Sigal

We aim to develop a retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) framework that answers questions over a corpus of visually-rich documents presented in mixed modalities (e.g., charts, tables) and diverse formats (e.g., PDF, PPTX). In this paper, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Ryota Tanaka , Taichi Iki , Taku Hasegawa , Kyosuke Nishida , Kuniko Saito , Jun Suzuki

Existing graph layout algorithms are usually not able to optimize all the aesthetic properties desired in a graph layout. To evaluate how well the desired visual features are reflected in a graph layout, many readability metrics have been…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-11-16 Hammad Haleem , Yong Wang , Abishek Puri , Sahil Wadhwa , Huamin Qu

Aiming for higher-level scene understanding, this work presents a neural network approach that takes a road-layout map in bird's-eye-view as input, and predicts a human-interpretable graph that represents the road's topological layout. Our…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-05-02 Chenyang Lu , Gijs Dubbelman

Vector graphic documents present visual elements in a resolution free, compact format and are often seen in creative applications. In this work, we attempt to learn a generative model of vector graphic documents. We define vector graphic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-04 Kota Yamaguchi

Advances in Visually Rich Document Understanding (VrDU) have enabled information extraction and question answering over documents with complex layouts. Two tropes of architectures have emerged -- transformer-based models inspired by LLMs,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-08 Dongsheng Wang , Zhiqiang Ma , Armineh Nourbakhsh , Kang Gu , Sameena Shah

We present an end-to-end differentiable training method for retrieval-augmented open-domain question answering systems that combine information from multiple retrieved documents when generating answers. We model retrieval decisions as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-07 Devendra Singh Sachan , Siva Reddy , William Hamilton , Chris Dyer , Dani Yogatama

Enterprise documents such as forms, invoices, receipts, reports, contracts, and other similar records, often carry rich semantics at the intersection of textual and spatial modalities. The visual cues offered by their complex layouts play a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-03 Dongsheng Wang , Natraj Raman , Mathieu Sibue , Zhiqiang Ma , Petr Babkin , Simerjot Kaur , Yulong Pei , Armineh Nourbakhsh , Xiaomo Liu

Pre-training of text and layout has proved effective in a variety of visually-rich document understanding tasks due to its effective model architecture and the advantage of large-scale unlabeled scanned/digital-born documents. We propose…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-01-11 Yang Xu , Yiheng Xu , Tengchao Lv , Lei Cui , Furu Wei , Guoxin Wang , Yijuan Lu , Dinei Florencio , Cha Zhang , Wanxiang Che , Min Zhang , Lidong Zhou

Reading comprehension models are based on recurrent neural networks that sequentially process the document tokens. As interest turns to answering more complex questions over longer documents, sequential reading of large portions of text…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-09-11 Mor Geva , Jonathan Berant

Recent approaches for visually-rich document understanding (VrDU) uses manually annotated semantic groups, where a semantic group encompasses all semantically relevant but not obviously grouped words. As OCR tools are unable to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Zhouqiang Jiang , Bowen Wang , Junhao Chen , Yuta Nakashima

Large tree structures are ubiquitous and real-world relational datasets often have information associated with nodes (e.g., labels or other attributes) and edges (e.g., weights or distances) that need to be communicated to the viewers. Yet,…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2023-05-18 Kathryn Gray , Mingwei Li , Reyan Ahmed , Md. Khaledur Rahman , Ariful Azad , Stephen Kobourov , Katy Börner

Graphic design images consist of multiple editable layers, such as text, background, and decorative elements, while most generative models produce rasterized outputs without explicit layer structures, limiting downstream editing. Existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Weidong Chen , Dexiang Hong , Zhendong Mao , Yutao Cheng , Xinyan Liu , Lei Zhang , Yongdong Zhang

In this paper, we focus on learning structure-aware document representations from data without recourse to a discourse parser or additional annotations. Drawing inspiration from recent efforts to empower neural networks with a structural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-02-06 Yang Liu , Mirella Lapata

With the rapid advancement of tool-use capabilities in Large Language Models (LLMs), Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) is shifting from static, one-shot retrieval toward autonomous, multi-turn evidence acquisition. However, existing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Zhanli Li , Huiwen Tian , Lvzhou Luo , Yixuan Cao , Ping Luo

Extracting information from unstructured text documents is a demanding task, since these documents can have a broad variety of different layouts and a non-trivial reading order, like it is the case for multi-column documents or nested…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-02-08 Matthias Engelbach , Dennis Klau , Jens Drawehn , Maximilien Kintz