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Mixed-initiative dialogue tasks involve repeated exchanges of information and conversational control. Conversational agents gain control by generating responses that follow particular dialogue intents or strategies, prescribed by a policy…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-09 Maximillian Chen , Xiao Yu , Weiyan Shi , Urvi Awasthi , Zhou Yu

The ability to compute an accurate reward function is essential for optimising a dialogue policy via reinforcement learning. In real-world applications, using explicit user feedback as the reward signal is often unreliable and costly to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-06-03 Pei-Hao Su , Milica Gasic , Nikola Mrksic , Lina Rojas-Barahona , Stefan Ultes , David Vandyke , Tsung-Hsien Wen , Steve Young

The development of Open-Domain Dialogue Systems (ODS)is a trending topic due to the large number of research challenges, large societal and business impact, and advances in the underlying technology. However, the development of these kinds…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-28 Chen Zhang , João Sedoc , Luis Fernando D'Haro , Rafael Banchs , Alexander Rudnicky

High-quality datasets for task-oriented dialog are crucial for the development of virtual assistants. Yet three of the most relevant large scale dialog datasets suffer from one common flaw: the dialog state update can be tracked, to a great…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-08 Alice Shoshana Jakobovits , Francesco Piccinno , Yasemin Altun

The field of Multi-Agent System (MAS) is an active area of research within Artificial Intelligence, with an increasingly important impact in industrial and other real-world applications. Within a MAS, autonomous agents interact to pursue…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-05-11 Ferdinando Fioretto , Enrico Pontelli , William Yeoh

Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) have become a prevalent paradigm for Large Language Model (LLM) applications. However, the complex multi-agent design in MAS introduces unique trustworthiness concerns: adversarial agents can inject misleading…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Chengcan Wu , Zhixin Zhang , Mingqian Xu , Zeming Wei , Meng Sun

Evaluating the quality of multi-turn chatbot interactions remains challenging, as most existing methods assess interactions at the turn level without addressing whether a user's overarching goal was fulfilled. A ``goal'' here refers to an…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Deepak Babu Piskala , Sharlene Chen , Udita Patel , Parul Kalra , Rafael Castrillo

In important applications involving multi-task networks with multiple objectives, agents in the network need to decide between these multiple objectives and reach an agreement about which single objective to follow for the network. In this…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-12-27 Sahar Khawatmi , Abdelhak M. Zoubir , Ali H. Sayed

Multi-agent systems (MAS) powered by large language models suffer from severe token inefficiency arising from two compounding sources: (i) unstructured parallel execution, where all agents activate simultaneously irrespective of input…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Mohit Dubey

With the development of pre-trained language models, remarkable success has been witnessed in dialogue understanding (DU). However, current DU approaches usually employ independent models for each distinct DU task without considering shared…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-07-26 Zhi Chen , Lu Chen , Bei Chen , Libo Qin , Yuncong Liu , Su Zhu , Jian-Guang Lou , Kai Yu

In the realm of dialogue systems, user simulation techniques have emerged as a game-changer, redefining the evaluation and enhancement of task-oriented dialogue (TOD) systems. These methods are crucial for replicating real user…

Conversational agents struggle to handle long conversations due to context window limitations. Therefore, memory systems are developed to leverage essential historical information. Existing memory systems typically follow a pipeline of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Yimin Deng , Yuqing Fu , Derong Xu , Yejing Wang , Wei Ni , Jingtong Gao , Xiaopeng Li , Chengxu Liu , Xiao Han , Guoshuai Zhao , Xiangyu Zhao , Li Zhu , Xueming Qian

This paper addresses the problem of positive consensus of directed multi-agent systems with observer-type output-feedback protocols. More specifically, directed graph is used to model the communication topology of the multi-agent system and…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-09-02 Nachuan Yang , Yonghua Yin , Jinrong Liu

Task-oriented dialogue systems based on Large Language Models (LLMs) have gained increasing attention across various industries and achieved significant results. Current approaches condense complex procedural workflows into a single agent…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Zihao Feng , Xiaoxue Wang , Bowen Wu , Weihong Zhong , Zhen Xu , Hailong Cao , Tiejun Zhao , Ying Li , Baoxun Wang

Human conversation is inherently complex, often spanning many different topics/domains. This makes policy learning for dialogue systems very challenging. Standard flat reinforcement learning methods do not provide an efficient framework for…

Proactive dialogue system is able to lead the conversation to a goal topic and has advantaged potential in bargain, persuasion and negotiation. Current corpus-based learning manner limits its practical application in real-world scenarios.…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-04-18 Wenqiang Lei , Yao Zhang , Feifan Song , Hongru Liang , Jiaxin Mao , Jiancheng Lv , Zhenglu Yang , Tat-Seng Chua

Building robust and general dialogue models for spoken conversations is challenging due to the gap in distributions of spoken and written data. This paper presents our approach to build generalized models for the Knowledge-grounded…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-09 Ruijie Yan , Shuang Peng , Haitao Mi , Liang Jiang , Shihui Yang , Yuchi Zhang , Jiajun Li , Liangrui Peng , Yongliang Wang , Zujie Wen

We propose Machines Talking To Machines (M2M), a framework combining automation and crowdsourcing to rapidly bootstrap end-to-end dialogue agents for goal-oriented dialogues in arbitrary domains. M2M scales to new tasks with just a task…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-01-16 Pararth Shah , Dilek Hakkani-Tür , Gokhan Tür , Abhinav Rastogi , Ankur Bapna , Neha Nayak , Larry Heck

While multi-agent debate has been proposed as a promising strategy for improving AI reasoning ability, we find that debate can sometimes be harmful rather than helpful. Prior work has primarily focused on debates within homogeneous groups…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Andrea Wynn , Harsh Satija , Gillian Hadfield

Generative encoder-decoder models offer great promise in developing domain-general dialog systems. However, they have mainly been applied to open-domain conversations. This paper presents a practical and novel framework for building…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-06-27 Tiancheng Zhao , Allen Lu , Kyusong Lee , Maxine Eskenazi