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The assumption of Lorentz invariance is one of the founding principles of modern physics and violation of that would have deep consequences to our understanding of the universe. Potential signatures of such a violation could range from…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-08-14 M. K. Daniel , D. Emmanoulopoulos , M. Fairbairn , N. Otte

We use the recent reanalysis of multi-TeV gamma-ray observations of Mrk 501 to constrain the Lorentz invariance breaking parameter involving the maximum electron velocity. Our limit is two orders of magnitude better than that obtained from…

Astrophysics · Physics 2011-06-09 F. W. Stecker , Sheldon L. Glashow

We show that the GRB 221009A spectrum detected by LHAASO can be used to probe effects of quadratic subluminal Lorentz Invariance Violation (LIV) through the enhancement of the observed flux at the highest energies. In particular, we argue…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-11-20 Filip Rescic , Luis Recabarren Vergara , Michele Doro , Tomislav Terzić

The rapid variability observed in very-high-energy (VHE) sources-such as pulsars, gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), and flares from active galactic nuclei (AGN)-can be used to detect or constrain a potential violation of Lorentz invariance (LIV).…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-04-14 Cyann Plard , Sami Caroff , the CTAO-LST project

We have previously shown that a very small amount of Lorentz invariance violation (LIV), which suppresses photomeson interactions of ultrahigh energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) with cosmic background radiation (CBR) photons, can produce a…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2011-02-18 Sean T. Scully , Floyd W. Stecker

The recently completed High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) gamma-ray observatory has been taking data with a partial array for more than one year and is now operating with >95% duty cycle in its full configuration. With an instantaneous…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-08-13 Robert J. Lauer , Patrick W. Younk

Data from 105 days from the High Altitude Water Cherenkov Observatory (HAWC) have been used to place a new limit on an isotropic diffuse gamma-ray population above 10 TeV. High- energy isotropic diffuse gamma-ray emission is produced by…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-08-18 John Pretz

We investigate the effects of Lorentz invariance violation (LIV) on photon interactions, considering both intergalactic propagation (Breit-Wheeler process) and atmospheric interactions (Bethe-Heitler process). By incorporating LIV into the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-09-19 Denise Boncioli , Valdir Barbosa Bezerra , Matteo Giammarco , Iarley Pereira Lobo , Pedro Morais , Francesco Salamida

This is an introductory review about the on-going search for a signal of Lorentz Invariance Violation (LIV) in cosmic rays. We first summarise basic aspects of cosmic rays, focusing on rays of ultra high energy (UHECRs). We discuss the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-05-13 Wolfgang Bietenholz

Steady gamma-ray emission up to at least 200 GeV has been detected from the solar disk in the Fermi-LAT data, with the brightest, hardest emission occurring during solar minimum. The likely cause is hadronic cosmic rays undergoing…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-12-26 A. Albert , R. Alfaro , C. Alvarez , R. Arceo , J. C. Arteaga-Velázquez , D. Avila Rojas , H. A. Ayala Solares , E. Belmont-Moreno , S. Y. BenZvi , C. Brisbois , K. S. Caballero-Mora , T. Capistràn , A. Carramiñana , S. Casanova , M. Castillo , J. Cotzomi , S. Coutiño de León , C. De León , E. De la Fuente , S. Dichiara , B. L. Dingus , M. A. DuVernois , J. C. Díaz-Vélez , K. Engel , O. Enríquez-Rivera , C. Espinoza , H. Fleischhack , N. Fraija , J. A. García-González , F. Garfias , M. M. González , J. A. Goodman , Z. Hampel-Arias , J. P. Harding , S. Hernandez , B. Hona , F. Hueyotl-Zahuantitla , P. Hüntemeyer , A. Iriarte , A. Jardin-Blicq , V. Joshi , S. Kaufmann , H. León Vargas , G. Luis-Raya , J. Lundeen , R. López-Coto , K. Malone , S. S. Marinelli , O. Martinez , I. Martinez-Castellanos , J. Martínez-Castro , P. Miranda-Romagnoli , E. Moreno , M. Mostafá , A. Nayerhoda , L. Nellen , M. Newbold , M. U. Nisa , R. Noriega-Papaqui , J. Pretz , E. G. Pérez-Pérez , Z. Ren , C. D. Rho , C. Rivière , D. Rosa-González , M. Rosenberg , E. Ruiz-Velasco , H. Salazar , F. Salesa Greus , A. Sandoval , M. Schneider , H. Schoorlemmer , M. Seglar Arroyo , G. Sinnis , A. J. Smith , P. Surajbali , I. Taboada , O. Tibolla , K. Tollefson , I. Torres , L. Villaseñor , T. Weisgarber , S. Westerhoff , I. G. Wisher , J. Wood , T. Yapici , A. Zepeda , H. Zhou , J. D. Álvarez , J. F. Beacom , R. K. Leane , T. Linden , K. C. Y. Ng , A. H. G. Peter , B. Zhou

The spectral lags of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) have been viewed as the most promising probes of the possible violations of Lorentz invariance (LIV). However, these constraints usually depend on the assumption of the unknown intrinsic time lag…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-01-06 Shen-Shi Du , Lin Lan , Jun-Jie Wei , Zi-Ming Zhou , He Gao , Lu-Yao Jiang , Bin-Bin Zhang , Zi-Ke Liu , Xue-Feng Wu , En-Wei Liang , Zong-Hong Zhu

Lorentz invariance violation (LIV) has long been recognized as an observable low-energy signature of quantum gravity. In spite of a great effort to detect LIV effects, so far only lower bounds have been derived. The high energy photons from…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-04-04 Giorgio Galanti , Marco Roncadelli

The discovery of ultra-high energy gamma-ray sources (detected at energies $\geq$ 100 TeV) thanks to highly sensitive observatories such as the High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) Observatory, the Tibet AS-gamma Experiment, and the Large…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-06-13 E. de la Fuente , J. L. Flores , G. García-Toráles , J. C. Díaz-Vélez , I. Toledano-Juárez , the HAWC Collaboration

Lorentz invariance (LI) is a foundational principle of modern physics, yet its possible violation (LIV) remains an intriguing window to physics beyond the Standard Model. While stringent constraints exist in the electromagnetic and hadronic…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-12-30 Z. Kepuladze , J. Jejelava

The High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) Gamma-ray Observatory is an extensive air shower detector operating in central Mexico, which has recently completed its first two years of full operations. If for a burst like GRB 130427A at a…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2017-08-07 The HAWC collaboration , R. Alfaro , C. Alvarez , J. D. Álvarez , R. Arceo , J. C. Arteaga-Velázquez , D. Avila Rojas , H. A. Ayala Solares , A. S. Barber , N. Bautista-Elivar , A. Becerril , E. Belmont-Moreno , S. Y. BenZvi , A. Bernal , J. Braun , C. Brisbois , K. S. Caballero-Mora , T. Capistrán , A. Carramiñana , S. Casanova , M. Castillo , U. Cotti , J. Cotzomi , S. Coutiño de León , E. de la Fuente , C. De León , T. DeYoung , R. Diaz Hernandez , B. L. Dingus , M. A. DuVernois , J. C. Díaz-Vélez , R. W. Ellsworth , K. Engel , D. W. Fiorino , N. Fraija , J. A. García-González , F. Garfias , M. Gerhardt , A. González Muñoz , M. M. González , J. A. Goodman , Z. Hampel-Arias , J. P. Harding , A. Hernandez-Almada , S. Hernandez , B. Hona , C. M. Hui , P. Hüntemeyer , A. Iriarte , A. Jardin-Blicq , V. Joshi , S. Kaufmann , D. Kieda , R. J. Lauer , W. H. Lee , D. Lennarz , H. León Vargas , J. T. Linnemann , A. L. Longinotti , G. Luis Raya , R. Luna-García , K. Malone , S. S. Marinelli , O. Martinez , I. Martinez-Castellanos , J. Martínez-Castro , H. Martínez-Huerta , J. A. Matthews , P. Miranda-Romagnoli , E. Moreno , M. Mostafá , L. Nellen , M. Newbold , R. Noriega-Papaqui , R. Pelayo , E. G. Pérez-Pérez , J. Pretz , Z. Ren , C. D. Rho , C. Rivière , D. Rosa-González , M. Rosenberg , E. Ruiz-Velasco , H. Salazar , F. Salesa Greus , A. Sandoval , M. Schneider , H. Schoorlemmer , G. Sinnis , A. J. Smith , R. W. Springer , P. Surajbali , I. Taboada , O. Tibolla , K. Tollefson , I. Torres , T. N. Ukwatta , G. Vianello , T. Weisgarber , S. Westerhoff , J. Wood , T. Yapici , P. W. Younk , A. Zepeda , H. Zhou

The High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) Observatory continuously observes gamma-rays between 100 GeV to 100 TeV in an instantaneous field of view of about 2 steradians above the array. The large amount of raw data, the importance of small…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2019-08-14 Patrick W. Younk , Robert J. Lauer , Giacomo Vianello , J. Patrick Harding , Hugo Alberto Ayala Solares , Hao Zhou , Michelle Hui

We discuss the effect of hypothetical violation of Lorentz invariance at high energies on the formation of atmospheric showers by very-high-energy gamma rays. In the scenario where Lorentz invariance violation leads to a decrease of the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2017-05-31 Grigory Rubtsov , Petr Satunin , Sergey Sibiryakov

The High-Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) Observatory records the air showers produced by cosmic rays and gamma rays at a rate of about 20 kHz. While the events observed by HAWC are 99.9% hadronic cosmic rays, this background can be strongly…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-08-13 Segev BenZvi , Daniel Fiorino , Zigfried Hampel-Arias , Mehr Un Nisa

Some models for quantum gravity (QG) violate Lorentz invariance and predict an energy dependence of the speed of light, leading to a dispersion of high-energy gamma-ray signals that travel over cosmological distances. Limits on the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2009-04-21 Robert Wagner

We present the sensitivity of HAWC to Gamma Ray Bursts (GRBs). HAWC is a very high-energy gamma-ray observatory currently under construction in Mexico at an altitude of 4100 m. It will observe atmospheric air showers via the water Cherenkov…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2012-04-26 HAWC collaboration , A. U. Abeysekara , J. A. Aguilar , S. Aguilar , R. Alfaro , E. Almaraz , C. Álvarez , J. de D. Álvarez-Romero , M. Álvarez , R. Arceo , J. C. Arteaga-Velázquez , C. Badillo , A. Barber , B. M. Baughman , N. Bautista-Elivar , E. Belmont , E. Benítez , S. Y. BenZvi , D. Berley , A. Bernal , E. Bonamente , J. Braun , R. Caballero-Lopez , I. Cabrera , A. Carramiñana , L. Carrasco , M. Castillo , L. Chambers , R. Conde , P. Condreay , U. Cotti , J. Cotzomi , J. C. D'Olivo , E. de la Fuente , C. De León , S. Delay , D. Delepine , T. DeYoung , L. Diaz , L. Diaz-Cruz , B. L. Dingus , M. A. Duvernois , D. Edmunds , R. W. Ellsworth , B. Fick , D. W. Fiorino , A. Flandes , N. I. Fraija , A. Galindo , J. L. García-Luna , G. García-Torales , F. Garfias , L. X. González , M. M. González , J. A. Goodman , V. Grabski , M. Gussert , C. Guzmán-Ceron , Z. Hampel-Arias , T. Harris , E. Hays , L. Hernandez-Cervantes , P. H. Hüntemeyer , A. Imran , A. Iriarte , J. J. Jimenez , P. Karn , N. Kelley-Hoskins , D. Kieda , R. Langarica , A. Lara , R. Lauer , W. H. Lee , E. C. Linares , J. T. Linnemann , M. Longo , R. Luna-García , H. Martínez , J. Martínez , L. A. Martínez , O. Martínez , J. Martínez-Castro , M. Martos , J. Matthews , J. E. McEnery , G. Medina-Tanco , J. E. Mendoza-Torres , P. A. Miranda-Romagnoli , T. Montaruli , E. Moreno , M. Mostafa , M. Napsuciale , J. Nava , L. Nellen , M. Newbold , R. Noriega-Papaqui , T. Oceguera-Becerra , A. Olmos Tapia , V. Orozco , V. Pérez , E. G. Pérez-Pérez , J. S. Perkins , J. Pretz , C. Ramirez , I. Ramírez , D. Rebello , A. Rentería , J. Reyes , D. Rosa-González , A. Rosado , J. M. Ryan , J. R. Sacahui , H. Salazar , F. Salesa , A. Sandoval , E. Santos , M. Schneider , A. Shoup , S. Silich , G. Sinnis , A. J. Smith , K. Sparks , W. Springer , F. Suárez , N. Suarez , I. Taboada , A. F. Tellez , G. Tenorio-Tagle , A. Tepe , P. A. Toale , K. Tollefson , I. Torres , T. N. Ukwatta , J. Valdes-Galicia , P. Vanegas , V. Vasileiou , O. Vázquez , X. Vázquez , L. Villaseñor , W. Wall , J. S. Walters , D. Warner , S. Westerhoff , I. G. Wisher , J. Wood , G. B. Yodh , D. Zaborov , A. Zepeda
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