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Related papers: Second order causal hydrodynamics in Eckart frame:…

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Explicit equations are given for describing the space-time evolution of non-ideal (viscous) relativistic fluids undergoing boost-invariant longitudinal and arbitrary transverse expansion. The equations are derived from the second-order…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 Ulrich W. Heinz , Huichao Song , Asis K. Chaudhuri

The approach of extended irreversible thermodynamics consists of promoting the dissipative fluxes to non-equilibrium thermodynamic variables. In a relativistic context, this naturally leads to the formulation of the theory of Israel and…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-04-23 Lorenzo Gavassino , Marco Antonelli , Brynmor Haskell

The thermal analogy between the effective fluid of scalar-tensor gravity and Eckart's irreversible thermodynamics is extended to the causal Israel-Stewart model, adopting the minimal ansatz of promoting the heat flux density to a timelike…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-05-26 Narayan Banerjee , Andrea Giusti , Valerio Faraoni , Luca Gallerani , Alain Maltais-Gosselin

The motion of water is governed by the Navier-Stokes equations, which are complemented by the continuity equation to ensure local mass conservation. In this work, we construct the relativistic generalization of these equations through a…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-12-07 Saulo M. Diles , Alex S. Miranda , Luis A. H. Mamani , Alex M. Echemendia , Vilson T. Zanchin

Second-order relativistic hydrodynamics is surprisingly predictive, even in the presence of large gradients. The hydrodynamic expansion from the method of moments does not require a gradient expansion, but it is intrinsically bound to the…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2020-03-23 Leonardo Tinti

We consider second-order viscous hydrodynamics in conformal field theories at finite temperature. We show that conformal invariance imposes powerful constraints on the form of the second-order corrections. By matching to the AdS/CFT…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 R. Baier , P. Romatschke , D. T. Son , A. O. Starinets , M. A. Stephanov

We derive the second order hydrodynamic equations for the relativistic system of multi-components with multiple conserved currents by generalizing the Israel-Stewart theory and Grad's moment method. We find that, in addition to the…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2011-02-25 Akihiko Monnai , Tetsufumi Hirano

Many viscous liquids behave effectively as incompressible under high pressures but display a pronounced dependence of viscosity on pressure. The classical incompressible Navier-Stokes model cannot account for both features, and a simple…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2025-07-04 C. Balitactac , C. Rodriguez

We introduce second-gradient models for incompressible viscous fluids, building on the framework introduced by Fried and Gurtin. We propose a new and simple constitutive relation for the hyperpressure to ensure that the models are both…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2026-03-25 C. Balitactac , C. Rodriguez

We present a class of relativistic fluid models for cold and dense matter with bulk viscosity, whose equilibrium equation of state is polytropic. These models reduce to Israel-Stewart theory for small values of the viscous stress $\Pi$.…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-04-10 Lorenzo Gavassino

Using Grad's method, we calculate the entropy production and derive a formula for the second-order shear viscosity coefficient in a one-dimensionally expanding particle system, which can also be considered out of chemical equilibrium. For a…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2010-04-21 Andrej El , Zhe Xu , Carsten Greiner , Azwinndini Muronga

We present the first numerical analysis of causal, stable first-order relativistic hydrodynamics with ideal gas microphysics, based in the formalism developed by Bemfica, Disconzi, Noronha, and Kovtun (BDNK theory). The BDNK approach…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-01-03 Alex Pandya , Elias R. Most , Frans Pretorius

We utilize the fluid-gravity duality to investigate the large order behavior of hydrodynamic gradient expansion of the dynamics of a gauge theory plasma system. This corresponds to the inclusion of dissipative terms and transport…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2013-05-27 Michal P. Heller , Romuald A. Janik , Przemyslaw Witaszczyk

We propose a first-order theory of relativistic dissipative fluids in the trace-fixed particle frame, which is similar to Eckart's frame except that the temperature is determined by fixing the trace of the stress-energy tensor. Our theory…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-04-30 J. Félix Salazar , Ana Laura García-Perciante , Olivier Sarbach

The problem of structure formation in relativistic dissipative fluids was analyzed in a previous work within Eckart's framework, in which the heat flux is coupled to the hydrodynamic acceleration, additional to the usual temperature…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-03 J. H. Mondragon-Suarez , A. Sandoval-Villalbazo , A. L. Garcia-Perciante

In this paper, we give the covariant formulation of second gradient electrodynamics, which is a generalized electrodynamics of second order including derivatives of higher order. The relativistic form of the field equations, the…

Classical Physics · Physics 2020-11-23 Markus Lazar , Jakob Leck

We consider a first order formulation of relativistic fluids with bulk viscosity based on a stress-energy tensor introduced by Lichnerowicz. Choosing a barotropic equation of state, we show that this theory satisfies basic physical…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-10-25 Marcelo M. Disconzi , Thomas W. Kephart , Robert J. Scherrer

In recent years the equations of relativistic first-order viscous hydrodynamics, that is, the relativistic version of Navier-Stokes, have been shown to be well posed and causal under appropriate field redefinitions, also known as…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-12-29 Yago Bea , Pau Figueras

Second gradient theories have been developed in mechanics for treating different phenomena as capillarity in fluids, plasticity and friction in granular materials or shear band deformations. Here, there is an attempt of formulating a second…

Classical Physics · Physics 2010-07-22 Giulio Sciarra , Francesco dell'Isola , Olivier Coussy

Gauss-Bonnet holographic fluid is a useful theoretical laboratory to study the effects of curvature-squared terms in the dual gravity action on transport coefficients, quasinormal spectra and the analytic structure of thermal correlators at…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-04-04 Sašo Grozdanov , Andrei O. Starinets