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The quantum measurement process by a single-electron transistor or a quantum point contact coupled to a quantum bit is studied. We find a unified description of the statistics of the monitored quantity, the current, in the regime of strong…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Yuriy Makhlin , Gerd Schoen , Alexander Shnirman

Quantum mechanics predicts that measurements of incompatible observables carry a minimum uncertainty which is independent of technical deficiencies of the measurement apparatus or incomplete knowledge of the state of the system. Nothing yet…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-06-14 Davide Girolami , Tommaso Tufarelli , Gerardo Adesso

Randomized measurements constitute a simple measurement primitive that exploits the information encoded in the outcome statistics of samples of local quantum measurements defined through randomly selected bases. In this work we exploit the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-08 Sophia Ohnemus , Heinz-Peter Breuer , Andreas Ketterer

We show that probabilities of results of all possible measurements performing on a quantum system depend on the system's state only through its density matrix. Therefore all experimentally available information about the state contains in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-02-01 Alexey Nenashev

Based on the theory of quantum mechanics, intrinsic randomness in measurement distinguishes quantum effects from classical ones. From the perspective of states, this quantum feature can be summarized as coherence or superposition in a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-04-03 Xiao Yuan , Hongyi Zhou , Zhu Cao , Xiongfeng Ma

Acquiring information about an unknown qubit in a superposition of two states is essential in any computation process. Quantum measurement, or sharp measurement, is usually used to read the information contents of that unknown qubit system.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-04-26 Ahmed Younes

For control systems in discrete time, this paper discusses measure-theoretic invariance entropy for a subset Q of the state space with respect to a quasi-stationary measure obtained by endowing the control range with a probability measure.…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2018-04-05 Fritz Colonius

Quantum-inspired classical algorithms has received much attention due to its exponential speedup compared to existing algorithms, under certain data storage assumptions. The improvements are noticeable in fundamental linear algebra tasks.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-08 Hyunho Cha , Jungwoo Lee

Quantum measurements are crucial to observe the properties of a quantum system, which however unavoidably perturb its state and dynamics in an irreversible way. Here we study the dynamics of a quantum system while being subject to a…

In the present paper we consider the problem of description of an arbitrary generalized quantum measurement with outcomes in a measurable space. Analyzing the unitary invariants of a measuring process, we present the most general form of a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-12-30 Elena R. Loubenets

Measurement has a special role in quantum theory: by collapsing the wavefunction it can enable phenomena such as teleportation and thereby alter the "arrow of time" that constrains unitary evolution. When integrated in many-body dynamics,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-24 Jesse C. Hoke , Matteo Ippoliti , Eliott Rosenberg , Dmitry Abanin , Rajeev Acharya , Trond I. Andersen , Markus Ansmann , Frank Arute , Kunal Arya , Abraham Asfaw , Juan Atalaya , Joseph C. Bardin , Andreas Bengtsson , Gina Bortoli , Alexandre Bourassa , Jenna Bovaird , Leon Brill , Michael Broughton , Bob B. Buckley , David A. Buell , Tim Burger , Brian Burkett , Nicholas Bushnell , Zijun Chen , Ben Chiaro , Desmond Chik , Josh Cogan , Roberto Collins , Paul Conner , William Courtney , Alexander L. Crook , Ben Curtin , Alejandro Grajales Dau , Dripto M. Debroy , Alexander Del Toro Barba , Sean Demura , Augustin Di Paolo , Ilya K. Drozdov , Andrew Dunsworth , Daniel Eppens , Catherine Erickson , Edward Farhi , Reza Fatemi , Vinicius S. Ferreira , Leslie Flores Burgos , Ebrahim Forati , Austin G. Fowler , Brooks Foxen , William Giang , Craig Gidney , Dar Gilboa , Marissa Giustina , Raja Gosula , Jonathan A. Gross , Steve Habegger , Michael C. Hamilton , Monica Hansen , Matthew P. Harrigan , Sean D. Harrington , Paula Heu , Markus R. Hoffmann , Sabrina Hong , Trent Huang , Ashley Huff , William J. Huggins , Sergei V. Isakov , Justin Iveland , Evan Jeffrey , Cody Jones , Pavol Juhas , Dvir Kafri , Kostyantyn Kechedzhi , Tanuj Khattar , Mostafa Khezri , Mária Kieferová , Seon Kim , Alexei Kitaev , Paul V. Klimov , Andrey R. Klots , Alexander N. Korotkov , Fedor Kostritsa , John Mark Kreikebaum , David Landhuis , Pavel Laptev , Kim-Ming Lau , Lily Laws , Joonho Lee , Kenny W. Lee , Yuri D. Lensky , Brian J. Lester , Alexander T. Lill , Wayne Liu , Aditya Locharla , Orion Martin , Jarrod R. McClean , Matt McEwen , Kevin C. Miao , Amanda Mieszala , Shirin Montazeri , Alexis Morvan , Ramis Movassagh , Wojciech Mruczkiewicz , Matthew Neeley , Charles Neill , Ani Nersisyan , Michael Newman , Jiun H. Ng , Anthony Nguyen , Murray Nguyen , Murphy Yuezhen Niu , Tom E. O'Brien , Seun Omonije , Alex Opremcak , Andre Petukhov , Rebecca Potter , Leonid P. Pryadko , Chris Quintana , Charles Rocque , Nicholas C. Rubin , Negar Saei , Daniel Sank , Kannan Sankaragomathi , Kevin J. Satzinger , Henry F. Schurkus , Christopher Schuster , Michael J. Shearn , Aaron Shorter , Noah Shutty , Vlad Shvarts , Jindra Skruzny , W. Clarke Smith , Rolando D. Somma , George Sterling , Douglas Strain , Marco Szalay , Alfredo Torres , Guifre Vidal , Benjamin Villalonga , Catherine Vollgraff Heidweiller , Ted White , Bryan W. K. Woo , Cheng Xing , Z. Jamie. Yao , Ping Yeh , Juhwan Yoo , Grayson Young , Adam Zalcman , Yaxing Zhang , Ningfeng Zhu , Nicholas Zobrist , Harmut Neven , Ryan Babbush , Dave Bacon , Sergio Boixo , Jeremy Hilton , Erik Lucero , Anthony Megrant , Julian Kelly , Yu Chen , Vadim Smelyanskiy , Xiao Mi , Vedika Khemani , Pedram Roushan

Measurement outcomes of a quantum state can be genuinely random (unpredictable) according to the basic laws of quantum mechanics. The Heisenberg-Robertson uncertainty relation puts constrains on the accuracy of two noncommuting observables.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-09-13 Xiao Yuan , Ge Bai , Tianyi Peng , Xiongfeng Ma

Monitored quantum systems evolve along stochastic trajectories correlated with the observer's knowledge of the system's state. Under such dynamics, certain quantum resources like entanglement may depend on the observer's state of knowledge.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-04 Christian Carisch , Oded Zilberberg , Alessandro Romito

We present a new interpretation of the terms superposition, entanglement, and measurement that appear in quantum mechanics. We hypothesize that the structure of the wave function for a quantum system at the sub-Planck scale has a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-08-10 Rajendra K Bera , Vikram Menon

Measurement is a fundamental notion in the usual approximate quantum mechanics of measured subsystems. Probabilities are predicted for the outcomes of measurements. State vectors evolve unitarily in between measurements and by reduction of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-01-14 James B. Hartle

Indeterminacy associated with probing of a quantum state is commonly expressed through spectral distances (metric) featured in the outcomes of repeated experiments. Here we express it as an effective amount (measure) of distinct outcomes…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-21 Ivan Horváth

We review possible measures of complexity which might in particular be applicable to situations where the complexity seems to arise spontaneously. We point out that not all of them correspond to the intuitive (or "naive") notion, and that…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2012-08-20 Peter Grassberger

Quantum metrology promises high-precision measurements of classical parameters with far reaching implications for science and technology. So far, research has concentrated almost exclusively on quantum-enhancements in integrable systems,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-04-16 Lukas J. Fiderer , Daniel Braun

This paper is a comment on the paper "Quantum Mechanics and Algorithmic Randomness" was written by Ulvi Yurtsever \cite{Yurtsever} and the briefly explanation of the algorithmic randomness of quantum measurements results. There are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-04-07 Mohammad Shahbazi

Classical learning of the expectation values of observables for quantum states is a natural variant of learning quantum states or channels. While learning-theoretic frameworks establish the sample complexity and the number of measurement…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-12 Beng Yee Gan , Po-Wei Huang , Elies Gil-Fuster , Patrick Rebentrost
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