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State-of-the-art magnetic field measurements performed in shielded environments with carefully controlled conditions rarely reflect the realities of those applications envisioned in the introductions of peer-reviewed publications.…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2020-10-13 Kai-Mei C. Fu , Geoffrey Z. Iwata , Arne Wickenbrock , Dmitry Budker

An integrated system of hardware and software allowing precise definition of arbitrarily oriented magnetic fields up to |B| = 1 {\mu}T within a five-layer mumetal shield is described. The system is calibrated with reference to magnetic…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2017-05-24 S. J. Ingleby , P. F. Griffin , A. S. Arnold , M. Chouliara , E. Riis

Quantum sensors provide unprecedented magnetic field detection sensitivities, enabling these to extend the common magnetometry range of applications and environments of operation. In this framework, many applications also require high…

Applied Physics · Physics 2023-05-02 Marc Jofre , Jordi Romeu , Luis Jofre-Roca

In this work, we report the development of a rubidium-based single-beam scalar optically pumped magnetometer (OPM) and demonstrate its application in measuring human cardiac magnetic fields in an unshielded environment. The developed…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-02-17 Kushal Patel , Kesavaraja C , Pranab Dutta , Korak Biswas

We describe our approach to atomic magnetometry based on the push-pull optical pumping technique. Cesium vapor is pumped and probed by a resonant laser beam whose circular polarization is modulated synchronously with the spin evolution…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2015-06-18 E. Breschi , Z. D. Grujic , P. Knowles , A. Weis

Scalar optically-pumped magnetometers (OPMs) are being developed in small packages with high sensitivities. The high common-mode rejection ratio of these sensors allows for detection of very small signals in the presence of large background…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2021-09-17 Richard J. Clancy , Vladislav Gerginov , Orang Alem , Stephen Becker , Svenja Knappe

We report the design and performance of a non-magnetic drift stable optically pumped cesium magnetometer with a measured sensitivity of 35 fT at 200 s integration time and stability below 50 fT between 70 s and 600 s. To our knowledge this…

Applied Physics · Physics 2022-05-04 M. Rosner , D. Beck , P. Fierlinger , H. Filter , C. Klau , F. Kuchler , P. Rößner , M. Sturm , D. Wurm , Z. Sun

Optical pumping of barium monofluoride (BaF) within a cryogenic neon matrix is demonstrated. Interestingly, with an applied magnetic field of 2~G, optical pumping is found to be considerably more efficient for a laser beam with…

We realise an intrinsic optically pumped magnetic gradiometer based on non-linear magneto-optical rotation. We show that our sensor can reach a gradiometric sensitivity of 18 $\text{fT}/\text{cm}/\sqrt{\text{Hz}}$ and can reject common mode…

Low-frequency magnetic fields carry vital information for neuroscience, navigation, and Earth science. However, they are generally weak, making it challenging to measure them with compact, room-temperature magnetometers. To overcome this…

Optically pumped magnetometers (OPMs) have emerged as a powerful technique for high-resolution magnetic field imaging. However, achieving sub-millimeter spatial resolution at sub-picotesla sensitivities ($\mathrm{< 1\,pT/\sqrt{Hz}}$)…

A self-oscillating magnetometer based on nonlinear magneto-optical rotation using amplitude-modulated pump light and unmodulated probe light (AM-NMOR) in 87Rb has been constructed and tested towards a goal of airborne detection of magnetic…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2015-05-18 Chris Hovde , Brian Patton , Eric Corsini , James Higbie , Dmitry Budker

Levitated particle systems have gained significant attention as a rapidly advancing platform for precision sensing, offering low-loss, highly isolated environments by eliminating mechanical contact and associated noise. Current…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2025-05-01 Wei Ji , Changhao Xu , Guofeng Qu , Dmitry Budker

We study the pumping of magnetic flux in three-dimensional compressible magnetoconvection in the context of stellar dynamos. The simulation domain represents a rectangular section from the lower part of a stellar convection zone plus the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 M. Ossendrijver , M. Stix , A. Brandenburg , G. Ruediger

Spin preparation prior to a free-induction-decay (FID) measurement can be adversely affected by transverse bias fields, particularly in the geophysical field range. A strategy that enhances the spin polarization accumulated before readout…

We experimentally demonstrate that a squeezed probe optical field can improve the sensitivity of the magnetic field measurements based on nonlinear magneto-optical rotation (NMOR) with an amplitude-modulated pump when compared to a coherent…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-19 Jiahui Li , Irina Novikova

We report the performance of a magnetically silent optically pumped cesium magnetometer with a statistical sensitivity of 3.5 pT/rtHz at 1~Hz and a stability of 90 fT over 150 seconds of measurement. Optical pumping with coherent,…

The Bell-Bloom-type optically pumped atomic magnetometers are well suited for weak geomagnetic field detection. However, conventional single-beam pumping introduces an atomic spin polarization gradient, which limits the measurement accuracy…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2026-04-06 Yongbiao Yang , Zhengyu Su , Yang Li , Yanhua Wang , Jun He , Xiaojun Jia , Junmin Wang

We report on a two-channel magnetometer based on nonlinear magneto-optical rotation in a Cs glass cell with buffer gas. The Cs atoms are optically pumped and probed by free running diode lasers tuned to the D$_2$ line. A wide frequency…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 J. Belfi , G. Bevilacqua , V. Biancalana , S. Cartaleva , Y. Dancheva , K. Khanbekyan , L. Moi

A self-oscillating magnetometer based on the nonlinear magneto-optical rotation effect with separate modulated pump and unmodulated probe beams is demonstrated. This device possesses a bandwidth exceeding $1\khz$. Pump and probe are…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 J. M. Higbie , E. Corsini , D. Budker