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We prove the conjecture of Grosse-Kunstleve et al. that coordination sequences of periodic structures in n-dimensional Euclidean space are rational. This has been recently proven by Nakamura et al.; however, our proof is a straightforward…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-08-01 Eryk Kopczynski

Inversion sequences are integer sequences $e=e_{1}e_{2}\dots e_{n}$ such that $0\leq e_{i}<i$ for each $i$. The study of patterns in inversion sequences was initiated by Corteel--Martinez--Savage--Weselcouch and Mansour--Shattuck in the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-06-19 Juan S. Auli , Sergi Elizalde

Regular sequences are natural generalisations of fixed points of constant-length substitutions on finite alphabets, that is, of automatic sequences. Using the harmonic analysis of measures associated with substitutions as motivation, we…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2021-08-12 Michael Coons , James Evans , Neil Manibo

The Ulam sequence is given by $a_1 =1, a_2 = 2$, and then, for $n \geq 3$, the element $a_n$ is defined as the smallest integer that can be written as the sum of two distinct earlier elements in a unique way. This gives the sequence $1, 2,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-08-28 Noah Kravitz , Stefan Steinerberger

In this paper we show how the cross-disciplinary transfer of techniques from Dynamical Systems Theory to Number Theory can be a fruitful avenue for research. We illustrate this idea by exploring from a nonlinear and symbolic dynamics…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2018-02-26 Lucas Lacasa , Bartolo Luque , Ignacio Gómez , Octavio Miramontes

In his book "Mathematics Rhyme and Reason," Currie discusses what he calls a $mysterious$ $pattern$ involving the sequence $ a_{n} = 2^n \sqrt{2 - \sqrt{2 + \sqrt{2 + \cdots + \sqrt{2}}}},$ where $n$ is the number of radicals. Part of the…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2025-09-29 Dan Kalman

A strictly increasing sequence of positive integers is called a slightly curved sequence with small error if the sequence can be well-approximated by a function whose second derivative goes to zero faster than or equal to $1/x^\alpha$ for…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2019-03-05 Kota Saito , Yuuya Yoshida

This work is motivated by the study of continued fraction expansions of real numbers: we describe in dynamical terms their orbits under the action of $\mathrm{PGL}_2(\mathbb{Q})$. A real number gives rise to a Sturmian system encoding a…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2025-03-05 Scott Schmieding , Christopher-Lloyd Simon

In this book chapter, written in French, we consider the classical family of Sturmian words, defined as the aperiodic infinite words containing only $n+1$ factors of a length $n$, which is the minimal possible value. We will discuss several…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-05-14 Anna Frid

Discovering the underlying relationships among variables from temporal observations has been a longstanding challenge in numerous scientific disciplines, including biology, finance, and climate science. The dynamics of such systems are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Benjie Wang , Joel Jennings , Wenbo Gong

This paper proves that two differently defined rooted binary trees are isomorphic. The first tree is one associated to a version of Farey sequences where the vertices correspond to the open intervals formed by two successive terms in the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-12-16 Makoto Nagata , Yoshinori Takei

An M-sequence generated by a primitive polynomial has many interesting and desirable properties. A pseudo-random array is the two-dimensional generalization of an M-sequence. There are non-primitive polynomials all of whose non-zero…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Simon Blackburn , Yeow Meng Chee , Tuvi Etzion , Huimin Lao

The theory of regular cost functions is a quantitative extension to the classical notion of regularity. A cost function associates to each input a non-negative integer value (or infinity), as opposed to languages which only associate to…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2015-07-01 Thomas Colcombet

In this paper we give a geometric interpretation of the renormalization algorithm and of the continued fraction map that we introduced in arxiv:0905.0871 to give a characterization of symbolic sequences for linear flows in the regular…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2010-04-15 John Smillie , Corinna Ulcigrai

The class of row monomial matrices (one unit and rest zeros in every row) with some non-standard operations of summation and usual multiplication is our main object. These matrices generate a space with respect to the mentioned operations.…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2022-11-21 A. N. Trahtman

Let $n>c_1\ge c_2$ and $\Sigma$ be positive integers with $n\cdot c_1\ge \Sigma \ge n\cdot c_2.$ Let $\mD=\dds{n}{\Sigma}{c_1}{c_2}$ denote the set of all degree sequences of length $n$ with the even sum $\Sigma$ and satisfying $c_1\ge…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-11-18 Péter L. Erdős , Gábor Lippner , Na'ama Nevo , Lajos Soukup

Numerical continuation techniques are powerful tools that have been extensively used to identify particular solutions of nonlinear dynamical systems and enable trajectory design in chaotic astrodynamics problems such as the Circular…

Space Physics · Physics 2024-05-30 Giacomo Acciarini , Nicola Baresi , David J. B. Lloyd , Dario Izzo

A speedup, like a time change in discrete time dynamics, is a way of moving faster through the orbits of a dynamical system. Linearly recurrence is a stronger form of minimality for subshifts, shared by e.g.\ all primitive substitution…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2026-03-09 Henk Bruin

Multidimensional continued fractions generalize classical continued fractions with the aim of providing periodic representations of algebraic irrationalities by means of integer sequences. However, there does not exist any algorithm that…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2017-12-27 Nadir Murru

This paper proposes a definition of recognizable transducers over monads and comonads, which bridges two important ongoing efforts in the current research on regularity. The first effort is the study of regular transductions, which extends…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2024-07-04 Rafał Stefański