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Online educational platforms organize academic questions based on a hierarchical learning taxonomy (subject-chapter-topic). Automatically tagging new questions with existing taxonomy will help organize these questions into different classes…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-07-23 Venktesh V , Mukesh Mohania , Vikram Goyal

This article investigates the knowledge transfer from the RuQTopics dataset. This Russian topical dataset combines a large sample number (361,560 single-label, 170,930 multi-label) with extensive class coverage (76 classes). We have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-06 Dmitry Karpov , Mikhail Burtsev

Medical multiple-choice question answering (MCQA) is particularly difficult. Questions may describe patient symptoms and ask for the correct diagnosis, which requires domain knowledge and complex reasoning. Standard language modeling…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-14 Damien Sileo , Kanimozhi Uma , Marie-Francine Moens

Knowledge Components (KCs) linked to assessments enhance the measurement of student learning, enrich analytics, and facilitate adaptivity. However, generating and linking KCs to assessment items requires significant effort and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Steven Moore , Robin Schmucker , Tom Mitchell , John Stamper

Knowledge tracing (KT) plays a crucial role in predicting students' future performance by analyzing their historical learning processes. Deep neural networks (DNNs) have shown great potential in solving the KT problem. However, there still…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Hengyuan Zhang , Zitao Liu , Chenming Shang , Dawei Li , Yong Jiang

Extreme multi-label text classification utilizes the label hierarchy to partition extreme labels into multiple label groups, turning the task into simple multi-group multi-label classification tasks. Current research encodes labels as a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-03 Li Wang , Ying Wah Teh , Mohammed Ali Al-Garadi

Conversational machine comprehension (CMC) requires understanding the context of multi-turn dialogue. Using BERT, a pre-training language model, has been successful for single-turn machine comprehension, while modeling multiple turns of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-05-31 Yasuhito Ohsugi , Itsumi Saito , Kyosuke Nishida , Hisako Asano , Junji Tomita

Understanding learning materials (e.g. test questions) is a crucial issue in online learning systems, which can promote many applications in education domain. Unfortunately, many supervised approaches suffer from the problem of scarce human…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-28 Yu Yin , Qi Liu , Zhenya Huang , Enhong Chen , Wei Tong , Shijin Wang , Yu Su

Medical text learning has recently emerged as a promising area to improve healthcare due to the wide adoption of electronic health record (EHR) systems. The complexity of the medical text such as diverse length, mixed text types, and full…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-11 Yong He , Cheng Wang , Shun Zhang , Nan Li , Zhaorong Li , Zhenyu Zeng

The goal of the paper is to predict answers to questions given a passage of Qur'an. The answers are always found in the passage, so the task of the model is to predict where an answer starts and where it ends. As the initial data set is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-18 Khalid Alnajjar , Mika Hämäläinen

This paper proposes a knowledge-enhanced disease diagnosis method based on a prompt learning framework. The method retrieves structured knowledge from external knowledge graphs related to clinical cases, encodes it, and injects it into the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Zhang Zheng

As the number of open and shared scientific datasets on the Internet increases under the open science movement, efficiently retrieving these datasets is a crucial task in information retrieval (IR) research. In recent years, the development…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-03-31 Xintao Chu , Jianping Liu , Jian Wang , Xiaofeng Wang , Yingfei Wang , Meng Wang , Xunxun Gu

Online learning systems have multiple data repositories in the form of transcripts, books and questions. To enable ease of access, such systems organize the content according to a well defined taxonomy of hierarchical nature…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-08-11 Venktesh Viswanathan , Mukesh Mohania , Vikram Goyal

Existing Computerized Adaptive Testing (CAT) frameworks typically select questions based on the predicted likelihood that the student will answer correctly. This design ignores information contained in students' open-ended responses,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Wanyong Feng , Alexander Scarlatos , Ruochen Sun , Andrew Lan

A challenge in creating a dataset for machine reading comprehension (MRC) is to collect questions that require a sophisticated understanding of language to answer beyond using superficial cues. In this work, we investigate what makes…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-08-29 Saku Sugawara , Kentaro Inui , Satoshi Sekine , Akiko Aizawa

Multiclass classification (MCC) is a fundamental machine learning problem of classifying each instance into one of a predefined set of classes. In the deep learning era, extensive efforts have been spent on developing more powerful neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-22 Nan Wang , Zhen Qin , Le Yan , Honglei Zhuang , Xuanhui Wang , Michael Bendersky , Marc Najork

This study aims to provide a comparative analysis of performance of certain models popular in machine learning and the BERT model on the Stanford Question Answering Dataset (SQuAD). The analysis shows that the BERT model, which was once…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-25 Devshree Patel , Param Raval , Ratnam Parikh , Yesha Shastri

We present our submission to Task 3 (Discourse Relation Classification) of the DISRPT 2025 shared task. Task 3 introduces a unified set of 17 discourse relation labels across 39 corpora in 16 languages and six discourse frameworks, posing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Nawar Turk , Daniele Comitogianni , Leila Kosseim

Answer selection (AS) is a critical subtask of the open-domain question answering (QA) problem. The present paper proposes a method called RLAS-BIABC for AS, which is established on attention mechanism-based long short-term memory (LSTM)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-10 Hamid Gharagozlou , Javad Mohammadzadeh , Azam Bastanfard , Saeed Shiry Ghidary

Current question answering (QA) systems primarily consider the single-answer scenario, where each question is assumed to be paired with one correct answer. However, in many real-world QA applications, multiple answer scenarios arise where…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-03 Wenxuan Zhou , Qiang Ning , Heba Elfardy , Kevin Small , Muhao Chen