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In this review, we give an overview of some of the major aspects of data reduction and analysis for the cosmic microwave background (CMB). Since its prediction and discovery in the last century, the CMB radiation has proven itself to be one…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-09-29 Matthieu Tristram , Ken Ganga

By confronting the two independent Boltzmann codes CLASS and CAMB, we establish that for concordance cosmology and for a given recombination history, lensed CMB and matter power spectra can be computed by current codes with an accuracy of…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-03-19 Julien Lesgourgues

In Luparello et al. 2023, a new and hitherto unknown CMB foreground was detected. A systematic decrease in Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) temperatures around nearby large spiral galaxies points to an unknown interaction with CMB photons…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-03-19 Frode K. Hansen , Ezequiel F. Boero , Heliana E. Luparello , Diego Garcia Lambas

Could Machine Learning (ML) make fundamental discoveries and tackle unsolved problems in Cosmology? Detailed observations of the present contents of the universe are consistent with the Cosmological Constant Lambda and Cold Dark Matter…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-02-10 Ofer Lahav

We present a framework for cosmological model selection using Neural Networks (NNs) trained directly on simulated Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) temperature and polarisation maps. By operating at the map level rather than on compressed…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-08 Indira Ocampo , Guadalupe Cañas-Herrera

Most of the cosmological information extracted from the CMB has been obtained through the power spectrum, however there is much more to be learnt from the statistical distribution of the temperature random field. We review some recent…

Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-24 Enrique Martinez-Gonzalez

Present-day extragalactic observations are mostly rather well-modelled by a general-relativistic model, the $\Lambda$ CDM model. The model appears to surpass the limits of known physics by requiring that the Universe be dominated by "dark…

General Physics · Physics 2014-07-16 Boudewijn F. Roukema

Machine learning enables powerful cosmological inference but typically requires many high-fidelity simulations covering many cosmological models. Transfer learning offers a way to reduce the simulation cost by reusing knowledge across…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-10-23 Veena Krishnaraj , Adrian E. Bayer , Christian Kragh Jespersen , Peter Melchior

The blackbody nature of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation spectrum is used in a modern test of the Copernican Principle. The reionized universe serves as a mirror to reflect CMB photons, thereby permitting a view of ourselves…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-06-23 R. R. Caldwell , A. Stebbins

Over the past decades, advancements in observational cosmology have introduced us in an era of precision cosmology, dramatically enhancing our understanding of the Universe's history as well as bringing new tensions to light. Observations…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-12-24 Matteo Forconi

Forthcoming cosmic microwave background experiments (CMB) will provide precise new tests of structure-formation theories. The geometry of the Universe may be determined robustly, and the classical cosmological parameters, such as the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Marc Kamionkowski

The cosmic microwave background (CMB) monopole temperature evolves with the inverse of the cosmological scale factor, independent of many cosmological assumptions. With sufficient sensitivity, real-time cosmological observations could thus…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2020-05-14 Maximilian H. Abitbol , J. Colin Hill , Jens Chluba

The recently unveiled deep-field images from the James Webb Space Telescope have renewed interest in what we can and cannot see of the universe. Answering these questions requires understanding the so-called "cosmological horizons" and the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-07-15 Michele Re Fiorentin , Stefano Re Fiorentin

The Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation (CMB) is an invaluable probe of the conditions of the early universe. Recent measurements of its spatial anisotropy have allowed accurate determinations of several fundamental cosmological…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-09-29 Christopher O'Dell

Planck's Cosmic Microwave Background temperature and polarization observations are the premier dataset for constraining cosmological models. Cosmic variance limited temperature at large and intermediate scales today dominates the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-01-18 Adrien La Posta , Umberto Natale , Erminia Calabrese , Xavier Garrido , Thibaut Louis

The $\rm\Lambda$CDM cosmological model is remarkable: with just 6 parameters it describes the evolution of the Universe from a very early time when all structures were quantum fluctuations on subatomic scales to the present, and it is…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-09-07 Michael S. Turner

Unparticle cosmology gives an unconventional outlook on the dark sector of cosmology, increasingly challenging $\Lambda\mbox{CDM}$ by $H_0$-tension. This model derives from a finite temperature broken conformal symmetry of radiation,…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-03-31 Maurice H. P. M. van Putten , Maryam Aghaei Abchouyeh

With WMAP putting the phenomenological standard model of cosmology on a strong footing, one can look forward to mining the cosmic microwave background (CMB) for fundamental physics with higher sensitivity and on smaller scales. Future CMB…

Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-24 Manoj Kaplinghat

A great deal of experimental effort is currently being devoted to the precise measurements of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) sky in temperature and polarisation. Satellites, balloon-borne, and ground-based experiments scrutinize the…

The status of the standard cosmological model, also known as "LCDM" is described. With some simple assumptions, this model fits a wide range of data, with just six (or seven) free parameters. One should be skeptical about this claim, since…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2018-04-05 Douglas Scott
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