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Related papers: Quasar Main Sequence: a line or a plane?

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Quasars are rapidly accreting supermassive black holes at the center of massive galaxies. They display a broad range of properties across all wavelengths, reflecting the diversity in the physical conditions of the regions close to the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-06-22 Yue Shen , Luis C. Ho

Principal component analysis (PCA) is a classical dimension reduction method which projects data onto the principal subspace spanned by the leading eigenvectors of the covariance matrix. However, it behaves poorly when the number of…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2013-05-27 Zongming Ma

Using a large sample of Type 1 AGN spectra, we investigated the complex structure of the Fe II emission region in order to understand the atomic processes responsible for the enhancement of the Fe II emission. We explored correlations…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-05-05 Jelena Kovačević-Dojčinović , Ivan Dojčinović , Luka Č. Popović

We aim to evaluate the behaviour of our 22 high-redshift (2.2 < z < 3.7) and high-luminosity (47.39 < Lbol < 48.36) quasars in the context of the 4-Dimensional Eigenvector 1. Our approach involves studying quasar physics through…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2023-01-18 A. Deconto-Machado , A. del Olmo , P. Marziani , J. Perea , G. M. Stirpe

We introduce a new physical parameter, the optical variability amplitude, to the well-established Eigenvector 1 space of quasars and test a sample of long-term B-band light curves of 42 PG quasars monitored by Giveon et al. (1999). We find…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Yufeng Mao , Jing Wang , Jianyan Wei

Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is applied to a variety of blazars to examine X-ray spectral variability. Data from nine different objects are analysed in two ways: long-term, which examines variability trends across years or decades,…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-08-08 Dennis Gallant , Luigi C. Gallo , Michael L. Parker

Broad Fe II emission is a prominent feature of the optical and ultraviolet spectra of quasars. We report on a systematical investigation of optical Fe II emission in a large sample of 4037 z < 0.8 quasars selected from the Sloan Digital Sky…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Chen Hu , Jian-Min Wang , Luis C. Ho , Yan-Mei Chen , Hao-Tong Zhang , Wei-Hao Bian , Sui-Jian Xue

It has been shown that the luminosity of AGNs and the size of their broad line region obey a simple relation of the type R=a L^g, from faint Seyfert nuclei to bright quasars, allowing single-epoch determination of the central black hole…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 D. Trevese , D. Paris , G. M. Stirpe , F. Vagnetti , V. Zitelli

The 4D Eigenvector 1 parameter space was introduced seven years ago as an attempt at multiwavelength spectroscopic representation of quasars. It appears to be the most effective diagnostic space for unifying the diversity of broad line AGN.…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-09-18 Jack W. Sulentic , Sebastian Zamfir , Paola Marziani , Deborah Dultzin

The first order behavior of multivariate heavy-tailed random vectors above large radial thresholds is ruled by a limit measure in a regular variation framework. For a high dimensional vector, a reasonable assumption is that the support of…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2019-06-27 Holger Drees , Anne Sabourin

The quasar main sequence (QMS), characterized by the Eigenvector 1 (EV1), serves as a unifying framework for classifying type-1 active galactic nuclei (AGNs) based on their diverse spectral properties. Although a fully self-consistent…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-10-22 M. H. Naddaf , M. L. Martínez-Aldama , P. Marziani , B. Czerny , D. Hutsemékers

A very important issue concerning protostellar jets is the mechanism behind their formation. Obtaining information on the region at the base of a jet can shed light into the subject and some years ago this has been done through a search for…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-08-06 A. H. Cerqueira , J. Reyes-Iturbide , F. De Colle , M. J. Vasconcelos

Much effort has been done in order to better understand the active galactic nuclei mechanisms behind the relativistic jets observed in radio-loud sources. These phenomena are commonly seen in luminous objects with intermediate/high redshift…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2022-05-31 A. Deconto-Machado , A. del Olmo Orozco , P. Marziani

In order to verify the existence of coherent orientations of quasars polarization vectors on very large scales, we have obtained new polarization measurements for a sample of quasars located in a given region of the three-dimensional…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-31 D. Hutsemekers , H. Lamy

[Abridged] We present new VLT ISAAC spectra for 30 quasars, which we combine with previous data to yield a sample of 53 intermediate redshift (z ~ 0.9 - 3.0) sources. The sample is used to explore properties of prominent lines in the Hbeta…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 P. Marziani , J. W. Sulentic , G. M. Stirpe , S. Zamfir , M. Calvani

Optical quasar spectra can be used to trace variations of the fine-structure constant alpha. Controversial results that have been published in last years suggest that in addition to to wavelength calibration problems systematic errors might…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-16 Nils Prause , Dieter Reimers

We address the effect of the viewing angle of the accretion disk plane and the geometry of the broad-line region (BLR) with the goal of interpreting the distribution of quasars along the main sequence (MS). We utilize photoionization code…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-01-29 Swayamtrupta Panda , Paola Marziani , Bożena Czerny

Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is a well known procedure to reduce intrinsic complexity of a dataset, essentially through simplifying the covariance structure or the correlation structure. We introduce a novel algebraic, model-based…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-12-09 Martin Schlather , Felix Reinbott

Principal component analysis (PCA) is arguably the most widely used approach for large-dimensional factor analysis. While it is effective when the factors are sufficiently strong, it can be inconsistent when the factors are weak and/or the…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-08-22 Zhongyuan Lyu , Ming Yuan

The diverse properties of broad-line quasars appear to follow a well-defined main sequence along which the optical FeII strength increases. It has been suggested that this sequence is mainly driven by the Eddington ratio (L/L_Edd) of the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-06-24 Jiayi Sun , Yue Shen