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We propose a novel benchmark environment for Safe Reinforcement Learning focusing on aquatic navigation. Aquatic navigation is an extremely challenging task due to the non-stationary environment and the uncertainties of the robotic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-21 Enrico Marchesini , Davide Corsi , Alessandro Farinelli

To solve complex real-world problems with reinforcement learning, we cannot rely on manually specified reward functions. Instead, we can have humans communicate an objective to the agent directly. In this work, we combine two approaches to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-16 Borja Ibarz , Jan Leike , Tobias Pohlen , Geoffrey Irving , Shane Legg , Dario Amodei

ATARI is a suite of video games used by reinforcement learning (RL) researchers to test the effectiveness of the learning algorithm. Receiving only the raw pixels and the game score, the agent learns to develop sophisticated strategies,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-17 Le Zhang , Yong Gu , Xin Zhao , Yanshuo Zhang , Shu Zhao , Yifei Jin , Xinxin Wu

Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) and Evolution Strategies (ESs) have surpassed human-level control in many sequential decision-making problems, yet many open challenges still exist. To get insights into the strengths and weaknesses of DRL…

Most deep reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms distill experience into parametric behavior policies or value functions via gradient updates. While effective, this approach has several disadvantages: (1) it is computationally expensive,…

Learning an effective representation for high-dimensional data is a challenging problem in reinforcement learning (RL). Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) such as Deep Q networks (DQN) achieves remarkable success in computer games by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-10 Borislav Mavrin , Hengshuai Yao , Linglong Kong

Deep reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms can learn complex policies to optimize agent operation over time. RL algorithms have shown promising results in solving complicated problems in recent years. However, their application on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-29 Hamed Khorasgani , Haiyan Wang , Chetan Gupta , Susumu Serita

Deep reinforcement learning (RL) achieves remarkable performance but lacks interpretability, limiting trust in policy behavior. The existing SILVER framework (Li, Siddique, and Cao 2025) explains RL policy via Shapley-based regression but…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Yiyu Qian , Su Nguyen , Chao Chen , Qinyue Zhou , Liyuan Zhao

The rapid increase in the number of cyber-attacks in recent years raises the need for principled methods for defending networks against malicious actors. Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) has emerged as a promising approach for mitigating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-30 Gregory Palmer , Chris Parry , Daniel J. B. Harrold , Chris Willis

Modern algorithms in the domain of Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) demonstrated remarkable successes; most widely known are those in game-based scenarios, from ATARI video games to Go and the StarCraft~\textsc{II} real-time strategy game.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-05-29 Eric MSP Veith , Nils Wenninghoff , Emilie Frost

There has been a recent explosion in the capabilities of game-playing artificial intelligence. Many classes of tasks, from video games to motor control to board games, are now solvable by fairly generic algorithms, based on deep learning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-10-18 Vlad Firoiu , Tina Ju , Josh Tenenbaum

In deep Reinforcement Learning (RL), the learning rate critically influences both stability and performance, yet its optimal value shifts during training as the environment and policy evolve. Standard decay schedulers assume monotonic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Henrique Donâncio , Antoine Barrier , Leah F. South , Florence Forbes

Reinforcement Learning (RL) is an area of machine learning figuring out how agents take actions in an unknown environment to maximize its rewards. Unlike classical Markov Decision Process (MDP) in which agent has full knowledge of its…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-03-07 Yangxin Zhong , Jiajie He , Lingjie Kong

Reinforcement learning (RL) is a powerful tool for optimal control that has found great success in Atari games, the game of Go, robotic control, and building optimization. RL is also very brittle; agents often overfit to their training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Doseok Jang , Larry Yan , Lucas Spangher , Costas Spanos

While deep reinforcement learning (deep RL) agents are effective at maximizing rewards, it is often unclear what strategies they use to do so. In this paper, we take a step toward explaining deep RL agents through a case study using Atari…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-09-12 Sam Greydanus , Anurag Koul , Jonathan Dodge , Alan Fern

The use of neural networks as function approximators has enabled many advances in reinforcement learning (RL). The generalization power of neural networks combined with advances in RL algorithms has reignited the field of artificial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-14 Christopher Lazarus , Mykel J. Kochenderfer

An exciting and promising frontier for Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) is its application to real-world robotic systems. While modern DRL approaches achieved remarkable successes in many robotic scenarios (including mobile robotics,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Davide Corsi , Davide Camponogara , Alessandro Farinelli

Advances in deep reinforcement learning have allowed autonomous agents to perform well on Atari games, often outperforming humans, using only raw pixels to make their decisions. However, most of these games take place in 2D environments…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-01-30 Guillaume Lample , Devendra Singh Chaplot

Most of the recent deep reinforcement learning advances take an RL-centric perspective and focus on refinements of the training objective. We diverge from this view and show we can recover the performance of these developments not by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-12 Florin Gogianu , Tudor Berariu , Mihaela Rosca , Claudia Clopath , Lucian Busoniu , Razvan Pascanu

Can an agent learn efficiently in a noisy and self adapting environment with sequential, non-stationary and non-homogeneous observations? Through trading bots, we illustrate how Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) can tackle this challenge.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-19 Eric Benhamou , David Saltiel , Sandrine Ungari , Abhishek Mukhopadhyay , Jamal Atif
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