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Near-term quantum computers will operate in a noisy environment, without error correction. A critical problem for near-term quantum computing is laying out a logical circuit onto a physical device with limited connectivity between qubits.…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-08-30 Abtin Molavi , Amanda Xu , Martin Diges , Lauren Pick , Swamit Tannu , Aws Albarghouthi

Qubit Mapping is a critical task in Quantum Compilation, as modern Quantum Processing Units (QPUs) are constrained to nearest-neighbor interactions defined by a qubit coupling graph. This compiler pass repairs the connectivity of two-qubit…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Marouane Benbetka , Merwan Bekkar , Riyadh Baghdadi , Martin Kong

Due to several physical limitations in the realisation of quantum hardware, today's quantum computers are qualified as Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) hardware. NISQ hardware is characterized by a small number of qubits (50 to a few…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2020-10-08 Siyuan Niu , Adrien Suau , Gabriel Staffelbach , Aida Todri-Sanial

Quantum circuit mapping is a crucial process in the quantum circuit compilation pipeline, facilitating the transformation of a logical quantum circuit into a list of instructions directly executable on a target quantum system. Recent…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-10 Di Yu , Kun Fang

NISQ devices have several physical limitations and unavoidable noisy quantum operations, and only small circuits can be executed on a quantum machine to get reliable results. This leads to the quantum hardware under-utilization issue. Here,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-02-22 Siyuan Niu , Aida Todri-Sanial

The quantum circuit mapping approach is an indispensable part of the software stack for the noisy intermediatescale quantum (NISQ) device. It has a significant impact on the reliability of computational tasks on NISQ devices. To improve the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-02 Pengcheng Zhu , Weiping Ding , Lihua Wei , Zhijin Guan , Shiguang Feng

A massive gap exists between current quantum computing (QC) prototypes, and the size and scale required for many proposed QC algorithms. Current QC implementations are prone to noise and variability which affect their reliability, and yet…

Quantum error correction (QEC) and fault-tolerant (FT) mechanisms are essential for reliable quantum computing. However, QEC considerably increases the computation size up to four orders of magnitude. Moreover, FT implementation has…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-09-20 L. Lao , B. van Wee , I. Ashraf , J. van Someren , N. Khammassi , K. Bertels , C. G. Almudever

Quantum computing has gained considerable attention, especially after the arrival of the Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) era. Quantum processors and cloud services have been made world-wide increasingly available. Unfortunately,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-05-05 Wenjie Wu , Yiquan Wang , Ge Yan , Yuming Zhao , Bo Zhang , Junchi Yan

Quantum computing (QC) technologies have reached a second renaissance in the last decade. Some fully programmable QC devices have been built based on superconducting or ion trap technologies. Although different quantum technologies have…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-01-22 Yu Zhang , Haowei Deng , Quanxi Li

Noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices impose dual challenges on quantum circuit execution: limited qubit connectivity requires extensive SWAP-gate routing, while time-dependent decoherence progressively degrades quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-21 Yifei Huang , Pascal Jahan Elahi , Ugo Varetto , Kan He , Jinchuan Hou , Shusen Liu

To evaluate a quantum circuit on a quantum processor, one must find a mapping from circuit qubits to processor qubits and plan the instruction execution while satisfying the processor's constraints. This is known as the qubit mapping and…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Abtin Molavi , Amanda Xu , Ethan Cecchetti , Swamit Tannu , Aws Albarghouthi

Rapid development in quantum computing leads to the appearance of several quantum applications. Quantum Fourier Transformation (QFT) sits at the heart of many of these applications. Existing work leverages SAT solver or heuristics to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-22 Yuwei Jin , Xiangyu Gao , Minghao Guo , Henry Chen , Fei Hua , Chi Zhang , Eddy Z. Zhang

Despite rapid advances in quantum computing technologies, the qubit connectivity limitation remains to be a critical challenge. Both near-term NISQ quantum computers and relatively long-term scalable quantum architectures do not offer full…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-25 Ji Liu , Peiyi Li , Huiyang Zhou

For a specific quantum chip, multi-programming helps to improve overall throughput and resource utilization. However, the previous solutions for mapping multiple programs onto a quantum chip often lead to resource under-utilization, high…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-04-28 Lei Liu , Xinglei Dou

Efficiently mapping quantum circuits onto hardware is an integral part of the quantum compilation process, wherein a circuit is modified in accordance with the stringent architectural demands of a quantum processor. Many techniques exist…

Quantum circuits are typically represented by a (ordered) sequence of gates over a set of virtual qubits. During compilation, the virtual qubits of the gates are assigned to the physical qubits of the underlying quantum hardware, a step…

Quantum computers show promise to solve select problems otherwise intractable on classical computers. However, noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) era devices are currently prone to various sources of error. Quantum error correction…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-25 Maxwell Poster , Sayam Sethi , Jonathan Baker

We propose a novel hierarchical qubit mapping and routing algorithm. First, a circuit is decomposed into blocks that span an identical number of qubits. In the second stage permutation-aware synthesis (PAS), each block is optimized and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-05-05 Ji Liu , Ed Younis , Mathias Weiden , Paul Hovland , John Kubiatowicz , Costin Iancu

As the field of quantum computing grows, novel algorithms which take advantage of quantum phenomena need to be developed. As we are currently in the NISQ (noisy intermediate scale quantum) era, quantum algorithm researchers cannot reliably…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-28 Youssef Moawad , Andrew Brown , René Steijl , Wim Vanderbauwhede