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The coordination of the immune system and its components is essential for the body to maintain a healthy status. Recent clinical studies show that breast cancer patients with high Dendritic cell clustering in tumour draining lymph nodes…
Pattern-diluted associative networks were introduced recently as models for the immune system, with nodes representing T-lymphocytes and stored patterns representing signalling protocols between T- and B-lymphocytes. It was shown earlier…
The analysis of system calls is one method employed by anomaly detection systems to recognise malicious code execution. Similarities can be drawn between this process and the behaviour of certain cells belonging to the human immune system,…
As a system of integrated homeostasis, life is susceptible to disruptions by visceral inflammation, which can disturb internal environment equilibrium. The role of body-spread subcutaneous fascia (scFascia) in this process is poorly…
Lymphocyte selection is a fundamental operation of adaptive immunity. In order to produce B-lymphocytes with a desired antigenic profile, a process of mutation-selection occurs in the germinal center, which is part of the lymph nodes. We…
We consider the problem of self tolerance in the frame of a minimalistic model of the idiotypic network. A node of this network represents a population of B lymphocytes of the same idiotype which is encoded by a bit string. The links of the…
Ever since the advent of the neuron doctrine more than a century ago, information processing in the brain is widely believed to mainly follow the forward pre to post-synaptic neurons direction. Challenging this prevalent view, in this…
How humans and machines make sense of current inputs for relation reasoning and question-answering while putting the perceived information into context of our past memories, has been a challenging conundrum in cognitive science and…
In the mammalian brain, newly acquired memories depend on the hippocampus for maintenance and recall, but over time the neocortex takes over these functions, rendering memories hippocampus-independent. The process responsible for this…
Working memory often appears to exceed its basic span by organizing items into compact representations called chunks. Chunking can be learned over time for familiar inputs; however, it can also arise spontaneously for novel stimuli. Such…
The brain is a highly efficient system evolved to achieve high performance with limited resources. We propose that dendrites make information processing and storage in the brain more efficient through the segregation of inputs and their…
The growth of a tissue, which depends on cell-cell interactions and biologically relevant process such as cell division and apoptosis, is regulated by a mechanical feedback mechanism. We account for these effects in a minimal…
A specific memory is stored in a cell assembly that is activated during fear learning in mice; however, research regarding cell assemblies associated with procedural and habit learning processes is lacking. In modeling studies, simulations…
An interesting inference drawn by some Covid-19 epidemiological models is that there exists a proportion of the population who are not susceptible to infection -- even at the start of the current pandemic. This paper introduces a model of…
The long-time dynamics of somatic adaptability in immune system is simulated by a simple physical model. The immune system described by the model exhibits a scale free behavior as is observed in living systems. The balance between the…
Clinical studies have indicated that in malignant surveillances fluctuations in the population of certain effector T-cell repertoire become suppressed. Motivated by such observations and in an attempt to quantify adaptive human response to…
Neural inflammation immediately follows the onset of ischemic stroke. During this process, microglial cells can be activated into two different phenotypes: the M1 phenotype, which can worsen brain injury by producing pro-inflammatory…
A delayed model describing the dynamics of HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) with CTL (Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes) immune response is investigated. The model includes four nonlinear differential equations describing the evolution of…
In the past, the development of vaccines and immunotherapeutics relied heavily on trial-and-error experimentation and extensive in vivo testing, often requiring years of pre-clinical and clinical trials. Today, artificial intelligence (AI)…
The current study of cell architecture of inflammation in histopathology images commonly performed for diagnosis and research purposes excludes a lot of information available on the biopsy slide. In autoimmune diseases, major outstanding…