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(Abridged) We review the results of the first multi-scale, hydrodynamical simulations of mergers between galaxies with central supermassive black holes (SMBHs) to investigate the formation of SMBH binaries in galactic nuclei. We demonstrate…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-07-23 Lucio Mayer , Stelios Kazantzidis , Andres Escala

We investigate the possible link between mergers and the enhanced activity of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) at the centre of galaxies, by comparing the merger fraction of a local sample (0.003 =< z < 0.03) of active galaxies - 59 active…

During the final phases of inspiral, a massive black hole (MBH) binary experiences a recoil due to the asymmetric emission of gravitational waves. We use recent results from numerical relativity simulations together with models of the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 M. Volonteri , P. Madau

Very compact ($R_\mathrm{e}\lesssim1$ kpc) massive quiescent galaxies (red nuggets) are more abundant in the high-redshift Universe ($z\sim2$-$3$) than today. Their size evolution can be explained by collisionless dynamical processes in…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2024-11-19 Antti Rantala , Alexander Rawlings , Thorsten Naab , Jens Thomas , Peter H. Johansson

Recoiling supermassive black holes (SMBHs) are considered one plausible physical mechanism to explain high velocity shifts between narrow and broad emission lines sometimes observed in quasar spectra. If the sphere of influence of the…

Galaxy mergers are common processes in the Universe. As a large fraction of galaxies hosts at their centres a central supermassive black hole (SMBH), mergers can lead to the formation of a supermassive black hole binary (SMBHB). The…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2023-04-05 Alessandra Mastrobuono-Battisti , Go Ogiya , Oliver Hahn , Mathias Schultheis

The dynamical formation of black hole binaries in globular clusters that merge due to gravitational waves occurs more frequently in higher stellar density. Meanwhile, the probability to form intermediate mass black holes (IMBHs) also…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-09-09 Jongsuk Hong , Abbas Askar , Mirek Giersz , Arkadiusz Hypki , Suk-Jin Yoon

Supermassive black hole (SMBH) binary systems are unavoidable outcomes of galaxy mergers. Their dynamics encode information about their formation and growth, the composition of their host galactic nuclei, the evolution of galaxies, and the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-02-17 Hanxi Wang , Miguel Zumalacárregui , Bence Kocsis

The comoving mass density of massive black hole (MBH) remnants from pre-galactic star formation could have been similar in magnitude to the mass-density of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) in the present-day universe. We show that the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2010-12-09 Stuart Wyithe , Abraham Loeb

Using N-body/SPH simulations we study the evolution of the separation of a pair of SMBHs embedded in a star forming circumnuclear disk (CND). This type of disk is expected to be formed in the central kilo parsec of the remnant of gas-rich…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-09-23 Luciano del Valle , Andres Escala , Cristian Maureira-Fredes , Juan Molina , Jorge Cuadra , Pau Amaro-Seoane

By using high-resolution 1D hydrodynamical simulations, we investigate the effects of purely mechanical feedback from super massive black holes (SMBHs) in the evolution of elliptical galaxies for a broad range of feedback efficiencies and…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2011-02-11 Min-Su Shin , Jeremiah P. Ostriker , Luca Ciotti

We have performed N-body simulations of globular clusters (GCs) in order to estimate a detection rate of mergers of Binary stellar-mass Black Holes (BBHs) by means of gravitational wave (GW) observatories. For our estimate, we have only…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-06-16 Ataru Tanikawa

The past decade has seen significant progress in understanding galaxy formation and evolution using large-scale cosmological simulations. While these simulations produce galaxies in overall good agreement with observations, they employ…

We investigate the dynamics of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) in galactic cores by means of a semi-analytic model based on the Langevin equation, including dynamical friction and stochastic noise accounting for the gravitational…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2020-03-18 Pierfrancesco Di Cintio , Luca Ciotti , Carlo Nipoti

The dynamics of galactic nuclei reflects the presence of supermassive black holes (SBHs) in many ways. Single SBHs act as sinks, destroying a mass in stars equal to their own mass in roughly one relaxation time and forcing nuclei to expand.…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-08-24 Alessia Gualandris , David Merritt

In this work, we study the stellar-dynamical hardening of unequal mass supermassive black hole (SMBH) binaries in the central regions of merging galactic nuclei. We present a comprehensive set of direct $N$-body simulations of the problem,…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2022-09-14 Peter Berczik , Manuel Arca Sedda , Margaryta Sobolenko , Marina Ishchenko , Olexander Sobodar , Rainer Spurzem

Supermassive black hole (SMBH) growth plausibly occurs via runaway astrophysical black hole mergers in nuclear star clusters that form intermediate mass black hole seeds at high redshifts. Such a model yields an order-of-magnitude higher…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-03-18 Konstantinos Kritos , Joseph Silk

Pair instabilities in supernovae might prevent the formation of black holes with masses between $\sim 50 M_\odot$ and $\sim 130 M_\odot$. Multiple generations of black-hole mergers provide a possible way to populate this "mass gap" from…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-08-14 Davide Gerosa , Emanuele Berti

Outflows driven by active galactic nuclei (AGN) are an important channel for accreting supermassive black holes (SMBHs) to interact with their host galaxies and clusters. Properties of the outflows are however poorly constrained due to the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2022-01-05 Yu Qiu , Brian R. McNamara , Tamara Bogdanovic , Kohei Inayoshi , Luis C. Ho

The coalescence of supermassive black hole binaries occurs via the emission of gravitational waves, that can impart a substantial recoil to the merged black hole. We consider the energy dissipation, that results if the recoiling black hole…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-05-14 Elena M. Rossi , G. Lodato , P. J. Armitage , J. E. Pringle , A. R. King