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Related papers: Counting Tree-Child Networks and Their Subclasses

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The rich and varied ways that genetic material can be passed between species has motivated extensive research into the theory of phylogenetic networks. Features that align with biological processes, or with desirable mathematical…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2025-08-12 Andrew Francis

Phylogenetic networks are a generalisation of phylogenetic trees that allow for more complex evolutionary histories that include hybridisation-like processes. It is of considerable interest whether a network can be considered `tree-like' or…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2017-11-21 Michael Hendriksen

The ongoing explosion of genome sequence data is transforming how we reconstruct and understand the histories of biological systems. Across biological scales, from individual cells to populations and species, trees-based models provide a…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2025-12-08 Yun Deng , Shing H. Zhan , Yulin Zhang , Chao Zhang , Bingjie Chen

Phylogenetic trees are simple models of evolutionary processes. They describe conditionally independent divergent evolution of taxa from common ancestors. Phylogenetic trees commonly do not have enough flexibility to adequately model all…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2025-11-11 Jonathan D. Mitchell , Barbara R. Holland

Phylogenetic networks are used to study evolutionary relationships between species in biology. Such networks are often categorized into classes by their topological features, which stem from both biological and computational motivations. We…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-04-17 Leo van Iersel , Remie Janssen , Mark Jones , Yukihiro Murakami , Norbert Zeh

In previous work, we gave asymptotic counting results for the number of tree-child and normal networks with $k$ reticulation vertices and explicit exponential generating functions of the counting sequences for $k=1,2,3$. The purpose of this…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-03-05 Michael Fuchs , Bernhard Gittenberger , Marefatollah Mansouri

Phylogenetic networks are used in biology to represent evolutionary histories. The class of orchard phylogenetic networks was recently introduced for their computational benefits, without any biological justification. Here, we show that…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-10-22 Leo van Iersel , Remie Janssen , Mark Jones , Yukihiro Murakami

We present the first fixed-parameter algorithm for constructing a tree-child phylogenetic network that displays an arbitrary number of binary input trees and has the minimum number of reticulations among all such networks. The algorithm…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2019-07-22 Leo van Iersel , Remie Janssen , Mark Jones , Yukihiro Murakami , Norbert Zeh

Rooted phylogenetic networks provide a way to describe species' relationships when evolution departs from the simple model of a tree. However, networks inferred from genomic data can be highly tangled, making it difficult to discern the…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2021-05-31 Andrew Francis , Daniel H. Huson , Mike Steel

The inference of phylogenetic networks, which model complex evolutionary processes including hybridization and gene flow, remains a central challenge in evolutionary biology. Until now, statistically consistent inference methods have been…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2025-10-14 Niels Holtgrefe , Elizabeth S. Allman , Hector Baños , Leo van Iersel , Vincent Moulton , John A. Rhodes , Kristina Wicke

Phylogenetic networks extend phylogenetic trees to allow for modeling reticulate evolutionary processes such as hybridization. They take the shape of a rooted, directed, acyclic graph, and when parameterized with evolutionary parameters,…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2018-08-28 R. A. L. Elworth , H. A. Ogilvie , J. Zhu , L. Nakhleh

Trees have long been used as a graphical representation of species relationships. However complex evolutionary events, such as genetic reassortments or hybrid speciations which occur commonly in viruses, bacteria and plants, do not fit into…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2017-07-24 Sebastien Roch , Kun-Chieh Wang

Phylogenetic networks extend phylogenetic trees to model non-vertical inheritance, by which a lineage inherits material from multiple parents. The computational complexity of estimating phylogenetic networks from genome-wide data with…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2022-06-28 Jingcheng Xu , Cécile Ané

Phylogenetic networks provide a general framework for modeling reticulate evolutionary processes such as hybridization, recombination, and horizontal gene transfer. In this paper, we study the asymptotic counting of binary phylogenetic…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2026-05-25 Hao Yu , Louxin Zhang

Phylogenetic networks are becoming increasingly popular in phylogenetics since they have the ability to describe a wider range of evolutionary events than their tree counterparts. In this paper, we study Markov models on phylogenetic…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2017-06-12 Elizabeth Gross , Colby Long

Tree-child networks are an important class of phylogenetic network used to model reticulate evolutionary processes. These networks have attracted increasing attention from researchers with interests in both combinatorics and algorithms. A…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-05-11 Hexuan Liu , Michael Wallner , Guan-Ru Yu

Normal networks are an important class of phylogenetic networks that have compelling mathematical properties which align with intuition about inference from genetic data. While tools enabling widespread use of phylogenetic networks in the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-12-16 Andrew Francis , Charles Semple

Phylogenetic networks are used to represent evolutionary scenarios in biology and linguistics. To find the most probable scenario, it may be necessary to compare candidate networks, to distinguish different networks, and to see when one…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-04-10 Remie Janssen , Yukihiro Murakami

Many classes of phylogenetic networks have been proposed in the literature. A feature of several of these classes is that if one restricts a network in the class to a subset of its leaves, then the resulting network may no longer lie within…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2025-09-24 Michael Fuchs , Mike Steel

Phylogenetic networks are rooted, labelled directed acyclic graphs which are commonly used to represent reticulate evolution. There is a close relationship between phylogenetic networks and multi-labelled trees (MUL-trees). Indeed, any…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2015-06-16 Katharina T. Huber , Vincent Moulton , Mike Steel , Taoyang Wu