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We experimentally realize protocols that allow to extract work beyond the free energy difference from a single electron transistor at the single thermodynamic trajectory level. With two carefully designed out-of-equilibrium driving cycles…

Semicontinuous outcomes occur frequently in health services, insurance, and cost studies. Standard nonparametric density estimators are not well suited to such data because they do not naturally accommodate the mixed structure, the…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-06 Guanjie Lyu , Frédéric Ouimet , Cindy Feng

The estimation of advantage is crucial for a number of reinforcement learning algorithms, as it directly influences the choices of future paths. In this work, we propose a family of estimates based on the order statistics over the path…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-17 Lanxin Lei , Zhizhong Li , Dahua Lin

A new theoretical approach to non-equilibrium statistical systems has recently been proposed by the author, a co-author and others. It is based on a variational principle which is associated with the discrepancy of a path through…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2019-08-06 Richard Kleeman

Controlling thermodynamic cycles to minimize the dissipated heat is a longstanding goal in thermodynamics, and more recently, a central challenge in stochastic thermodynamics for nanoscale systems. Here, we introduce a theoretical and…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2023-03-15 Shriram Chennakesavalu , Grant M. Rotskoff

We present a first numerical investigation of the accuracy of the recently proposed {\em non-classical transport equation}. This equation contains an extra independent variable (the path-length $s$), and models particle transport taking…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2018-12-27 Richard Vasques , Kai Krycki

The Jarzynski equality allows the calculation of free-energy differences using values of work measured from nonequilibrium trajectories. The number of trajectories required to accurately estimate free-energy differences in this way grows…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-05-13 Stephen Whitelam

We study treatment-effect estimation using panel data. The treatment may be non-binary, non-absorbing, and the outcome may be affected by treatment lags. We make a parallel-trends assumption, and propose event-study estimators of the effect…

Econometrics · Economics 2026-05-13 Clément de Chaisemartin , Xavier D'Haultfœuille

We apply path integrals to study nonequilibrium work theorems in the context of Brownian dynamics, deriving in particular the equations of motion governing the most typical and most dominant trajectories. For the analytically soluble cases…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-03-12 David D. L. Minh , Artur B. Adib

Accurate phase diagram calculation from molecular dynamics requires systematic treatment and convergence of statistical averages. In this work we propose a Gaussian process regression based framework for reconstructing the free energy…

Computational Physics · Physics 2021-11-02 V. Ladygin , I. Beniya , E. Makarov , A. Shapeev

The modern theory of rare events is grounded in near equilibrium ideas, however many systems of modern interest are sufficiently far from equilibrium that traditional approaches do not apply. Using the recently developed variational path…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2025-02-14 Aditya N. Singh , David T. Limmer

We extend to nonequilibrium processes our recent theory for the long time dynamics of flexible chain molecules. While the previous theory describes the equilibrium motions for any bond or interatomic separation in (bio)polymers by time…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2009-10-31 Wilfred H. Tang , Konstantin S. Kostov , Karl F. Freed

Modern high-dimensional point process data, especially those from neuroscience experiments, often involve observations from multiple conditions and/or experiments. Networks of interactions corresponding to these conditions are expected to…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-09-27 Xu Wang , Ali Shojaie

Atomistic modelling of phase transitions, chemical reactions, or other rare events that involve overcoming high free energy barriers usually entails prohibitively long simulation times. Introducing a bias potential as a function of an…

Computational Physics · Physics 2019-11-06 Federico Giberti , Bingqing Cheng , Gareth Aneurin Tribello , Michele Ceriotti

Optimizing the energy efficiency of driving processes provides valuable insights into the underlying physics and is of crucial importance for numerous applications, from biological processes to the design of machines and robots. Knowledge…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2024-04-02 Sarah A. M. Loos , Samuel Monter , Felix Ginot , Clemens Bechinger

Non-equilibrium path integral methods for computing quantum free energy differences are applied to a quantum particle trapped in a harmonic well of uniformly changing strength with the purpose of establishing the convergence properties of…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-13 Ramses van Zon , Lisandro Hernandez de la Pena , Gilles H. Peslherbe , Jeremy Schofield

Equilibrium statistical mechanics provides a robust framework for characterizing phase transitions in systems whose microsopic dynamics are time-reversible. Efforts to develop and validate theoretical frameworks for time-irreversible,…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2025-12-18 Stuart J. Thomson , Jack-William Barotta , Daniel M. Harris

Modern developments in microscopy and image processing are revolutionising areas of physics, chemistry, and biology as nanoscale objects can be tracked with unprecedented accuracy. However, the price paid for having a direct visualisation…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2013-03-19 Denis Boyer , David S. Dean , Carlos Mejía-Monasterio , Gleb Oshanin

Long-range ensemble forecasts are typically verified as anomalies with respect to a lead-time dependent climatological mean to remove the influence of systematic biases. However, common methods for calculating anomalies result in…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2025-06-11 Christopher D. Roberts , Martin Leutbecher

An exact mapping is established between sequence alignment, one of the most commonly used tools of computational biology, and the asymmetric exclusion process, one of the few exactly solvable models of nonequilibrium physics. The…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2007-05-23 R. Bundschuh