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Cities are characterized by the coexistence of general aggregate patterns, along with many local variations. This poses challenges for analyses of urban phenomena, which tend to be either too aggregated or too local, depending on the…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-09-30 Luís M. A. Bettencourt , Ivanna Rodriguez , Jordan T. Kemp , José Lobo

Despite the long history of modelling human mobility, we continue to lack a highly accurate approach with low data requirements for predicting mobility patterns in cities. Here, we present a population-weighted opportunities model without…

Physics and Society · Physics 2017-10-03 Xiao-Yong Yan , Chen Zhao , Ying Fan , Zengru Di , Wen-Xu Wang

Many large cities are found at locations with certain first nature advantages. Yet, those exogenous locational features may not be the most potent forces governing the spatial pattern of cities. In particular, population size, spacing and…

General Economics · Economics 2019-08-27 Tomoya Mori

Cities create potential for individuals from different backgrounds to interact with one another. It is often the case, however, that urban infrastructure obfuscates this potential, creating dense pockets of affluence and poverty throughout…

Physics and Society · Physics 2023-04-21 Nandini Iyer , Ronaldo Menezes , Hugo Barbosa

Urban systems are characterized by populations with heterogeneous characteristics, and whose spatial distribution is crucial to understand inequalities in life expectancy or education level. Traditional studies on spatial segregation…

Physics and Society · Physics 2023-01-02 Aleix Bassolas , Sergio Gómez , Alex Arenas

Numerous studies have examined issues such as sustainable transport and urban inclusion; yet there is a gap about disadvantaged people and the hindrances they encounter in terms of public transportation. This study assesses sustainability…

Physics and Society · Physics 2023-01-19 Melika Soufiemami

Transportation networks, from bicycle paths to buses and railways, are the backbone of urban mobility. In large metropolitan areas, the integration of different transport modes has become crucial to guarantee the fast and sustainable flow…

The city is a complex system that evolves through its inherent social and economic interactions. Mediating the movements of people and resources, urban street networks offer a spatial footprint of these activities; consequently their…

Physics and Society · Physics 2018-04-19 Minjin Lee , Hugo Barbosa , Hyejin Youn , Petter Holme , Gourab Ghoshal

Socioeconomic inequalities in cities are embedded in space and result in neighborhood effects, whose harmful consequences have proved very hard to counterbalance efficiently by planning policies alone. Considering redistribution of money…

Physics and Society · Physics 2018-12-27 Thomas Louail , Maxime Lenormand , Juan Murillo Arias , José J. Ramasco

This is a survey of recent developments in the area of transport inequalities. We investigate their consequences in terms of concentration and deviation inequalities and sketch their links with other functional inequalities and also large…

Probability · Mathematics 2011-01-25 Nathael Gozlan , Christian Léonard

World population growing in conjunction with the preference to live in the cities; make the city management a challenging issue. Traditional Cities with their common features will not be able to handle the human needs. As a result, smart…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2018-12-05 Hamid Fekri Azgomi , Mo Jamshidi

Geographic borders are not only essential for the effective functioning of government, the distribution of administrative responsibilities and the allocation of public resources, they also influence the interregional flow of information,…

Physics and Society · Physics 2011-03-30 C. Thiemann , F. Theis , D. Grady , R. Brune , D. Brockmann

Cities are characterized by the presence of a dense population with a high potential for interactions between individuals of diverse backgrounds. They appear in parallel to the Neolithic revolution a few millennia ago. The advantages…

Physics and Society · Physics 2022-10-12 Elsa Arcaute , Jose J. Ramasco

This chapter is about Complexity and Spatial Dynamics in Urban Systems. Strong inequalities in the size of cities and the apparent difficulty of limiting their growth raise practical issues for spatial planning. At a time when new…

Physics and Society · Physics 2020-10-29 Juste Raimbault , Denise Pumain

Rural and urban areas exhibit distinct mobility patterns, yet a systematic understanding of how these trends differ across regions and contexts remains underexplored. By using origin-destination matrices from Location-Based Services data in…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-03-04 Nandini Iyer , Massimiliano Luca , Riccardo Di Clemente

Urban mobility plays a crucial role in the functioning of cities, influencing economic activity, accessibility, and quality of life. However, the effectiveness of analytical models in understanding urban mobility patterns can be…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-07-08 Hoai Nguyen Huynh

Many outputs of cities scale in universal ways, including infrastructure, crime, and economic activity. Through a mathematical model, this study investigates the interplay between such scaling laws in human organization and governmental…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-06-05 Bryce Morsky

Transportation networks serve as windows into the complex world of urban systems. By properly characterizing a road network, we can therefore better understand its encompassing urban system. This study offers a geometrical approach towards…

Physics and Society · Physics 2015-07-15 Farideddin Peiravian , Sybil Derrible

Roads are among the most essential components of any country's infrastructure. By facilitating the movement and exchange of people, ideas, and goods, they support economic and cultural activity both within and across local and international…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-06-16 John Kamalu , Benjamin Choi

Sustainable development is an imperative worldwide but metrics and data on poverty and quality of life have remained too coarse and abstract to characterize challenges adequately and guide practical progress. Nowhere is this challenge…

Physics and Society · Physics 2023-08-01 Luis M. A Bettencourt , Nicholas Marchio