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We demonstrate that discrete self-similarity (DSS), originally discovered in the collapse of a massless scalar field in an asymptotically flat system, survives in primordial black hole (PBH) formation within an expanding cosmological…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-29 Luis E. Padilla , Tomohiro Harada , Ethan Milligan , David Mulryne

We perform the first fully nonlinear numerical simulations of black-hole binaries with mass ratios 100:1. Our technique for evolving such extreme mass ratios is based on the moving puncture approach with a new gauge condition and an optimal…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-07-04 Carlos O. Lousto , Yosef Zlochower

We provide a (simplified) quantum description of primordial black holes at the time of their formation. Specifically, we employ the horizon quantum mechanics to compute the probability of black hole formation starting from a simple quantum…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-09-04 R. Casadio , A. Giugno , A. Giusti , M. Lenzi

We perform a numerical study of black hole formation from the spherically symmetric collapse of a massless scalar field. The calculations are done in Painlev\'e-Gullstrand (PG) coordinates that extend across apparent horizons and allow the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-07-30 J. Ziprick , G. Kunstatter

Primordial Black Holes (PBHs) may have formed in the early Universe due to the collapse of super-horizon curvature fluctuations. Simulations of PBH formation have been essential for inferring the initial conditions that lead to black hole…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-12-01 Albert Escrivà

We study the spherically symmetric collapse of a real, minimally coupled, massive scalar field in an asymptotically Einstein-de Sitter spacetime background. By means of an eikonal approximation for the field and metric functions, we obtain…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-31 Sergio M. C. V. Goncalves

Primordial black holes could have been formed in the early universe from non linear cosmological perturbations re-entering the cosmological horizon when the Universe was still radiation dominated. Starting from the shape of the power…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-04-01 Ilia Musco , Valerio De Luca , Gabriele Franciolini , Antonio Riotto

Gravitational collapse into a black hole has been extensively studied with classical sources. We develop a new formalism to simulate quantum fields forming a black hole. This formalism utilizes well-established techniques used for classical…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-08-18 Benjamin Berczi , Paul M. Saffin , Shuang-Yong Zhou

Using the $\delta N$ formalism we calculate the one-loop correction to the large-scale power spectrum of the curvature perturbation in the standard scenario where primordial black holes are formed in the early universe thanks to a phase of…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-04-18 Hassan Firouzjahi , Antonio Riotto

Using the concept of apparent horizon for dynamical black holes, we revisit the formation of primordial black holes (PBH) in the early universe for both linear and non-linear regimes. First, we develop the perturbation theory for…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-06-28 Alireza Allahyari , Javad T. Firouzjaee , Ali Akbar Abolhasani

Several improvements in numerical methods and gauge choice are presented that make it possible now to perform simulations of the merger and ringdown phases of "generic" binary black-hole evolutions using the pseudo-spectral evolution code…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2013-05-29 Béla Szilágyi , Lee Lindblom , Mark A. Scheel

We develop a novel technique through spectral decompositions to study the gravitational perturbations of a black hole, without needing to decouple the linearized field equations into master equations and separate their radial and angular…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-06-19 Adrian Ka-Wai Chung , Pratik Wagle , Nicolas Yunes

We present a numerical investigation of the gravitational collapse of horizon-size density fluctuations to primordial black holes (PBHs) during the radiation-dominated phase of the Early Universe. The collapse dynamics of three different…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 J. C. Niemeyer , K. Jedamzik

We study the formation of black holes from subhorizon and superhorizon perturbations in a matter dominated universe with 3+1D numerical relativity simulations. We find that there are two primary mechanisms of formation depending on the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-03-25 Eloy de Jong , Josu C. Aurrekoetxea , Eugene A. Lim

We calculate the primordial black hole abundance in the context of a Wess-Zumino type no-scale supergravity model. We modify the K\"ahler potential, by adding an extra exponential term. Using just one parameter in the context of this model,…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2020-11-04 Dimitri V. Nanopoulos , Vassilis C. Spanos , Ioanna D. Stamou

This paper is a biased review of primordial black hole (PBH) formation and abundance estimation. We first review the three-zone model for PBH formation to help an intuitive understanding of the PBH formation process. Then, for more accurate…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-03-19 Chul-Moon Yoo

We perform an accurate computation of the production rate for primordial black holes (PBHs). The reason is that the underlying mass variance had been overestimated systematically, as was shown recently. For scale-free powerlaw primordial…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 David Blais , Torsten Bringmann , Claus Kiefer , David Polarski

Astrophysical black holes could be nearly extremal (that is, rotating nearly as fast as possible); therefore, nearly extremal black holes could be among the binaries that current and future gravitational-wave observatories will detect.…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-05-20 Mark A. Scheel , Matthew Giesler , Daniel A. Hemberger , Geoffrey Lovelace , Kevin Kuper , Michael Boyle , Bela Szilagyi , Lawrence E. Kidder

Rapidly-rotating black-hole spacetimes outside general relativity are key to many tests of Einstein's theory. We here develop an efficient spectral method to represent such spacetimes analytically, in closed-form, and to high accuracy, in a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-01-21 Kelvin Ka-Ho Lam , Adrian Ka-Wai Chung , Nicolás Yunes

We perform $3+1$ relativistic numerical simulations to study primordial black hole (PBH) formation from the collapse of adiabatic super-horizon non-spherical perturbations generated from curvature fluctuations obeying random Gaussian…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-10-13 Albert Escrivà , Chul-Moon Yoo