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The discrepancy between Planck data and direct measurements of the current expansion rate $H_0$ and the matter fluctuation amplitude $S_8$ has become one of the most intriguing puzzles in cosmology nowadays. The $H_0$ tension has reached…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-03-28 Safae Dahmani , Amine Bouali , Imad El Bojaddaini , Ahmed Errahmani , Taoufik Ouali

Observations of the cosmic microwave backgroundradiation are described to remarkable accuracy by the six-parameterLambda CDM cosmology. However, the key ingredients of this model, namely dark matter, dark energy and cosmic inflation are not…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-10-15 George Efstathiou

The Standard Model of cosmology, $\Lambda$CDM, while enormously successful, is currently unable to account for several cosmological anomalies the most prominent of which are in the measurements of the Hubble parameter and $S_8$.…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-03-14 Amin Aboubrahim , Pran Nath

Addressing the discrepancy between the late and early time measurements of the Hubble parameter, $H_0$, and the so-called $S_8$ parameter has been a challenge in precision cosmology. Several models are present to address these tensions, but…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-02-02 Ido Ben-Dayan , Utkarsh Kumar

The Hubble constant $H_0$ is one of the important cosmological parameters measuring the expansion rate of our universe at present moment. Over the last couple of years, $H_0$ has created an enormous amount of debates interests in the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-10-29 Supriya Pan , Weiqiang Yang

A current problem within the {\Lambda}CDM framework is the tension between late and early time measurements of the Hubble parameter today, H0. We entertain the possibility that dark energy modeled as multiple interacting axion-like-particle…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-08-31 Ennis Mawas , Lauren Street , Richard Gass , L. C. R. Wijewardhana

Several cosmological tensions have emerged in light of recent data, most notably in the inferences of the parameters $H_0$ and $\sigma_8$. We explore the possibility of alleviating both these tensions {\it simultaneously} by means of the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-03-29 Arsalan Adil , Andreas Albrecht , Lloyd Knox

The $\Lambda$CDM model successfully explains a wide range of cosmological observations; however, persistent discrepancies most notably the $H_0$ tension between early and late time measurements challenge its completeness. No proposed…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-03-31 Upala Mukhopadhyay , Purba Mukherjee , Alexandre Tkatchenko

In the present work we analyze two different models of interaction between dark energy and dark matter, also known as vacuum decay models or $\Lambda(t)$CDM models. In both models, when the $H_0$ parameter is constrained by the Planck…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-07-23 L. S. Brito , J. F. Jesus , A. A. Escobal , S. H. Pereira

The observed discrepancy of the Hubble parameter measurements in the local universe with the cosmic microwave background (CMB) data may indicate a new physics. It is vital to test the alternative models that reconcile the Hubble tension…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-09-03 Hossein Moshafi , Shant Baghram , Nima Khosravi

Despite the outstanding achievements of modern cosmology, the classical dispute on the precise value of $H_0$, which is the first ever parameter of modern cosmology and one of the prime parameters in the field, still goes on and on after…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2017-11-22 Joan Sola , Adria Gomez-Valent , Javier de Cruz Perez

With the recent increase in precision of our cosmological datasets, measurements of $\Lambda$CDM model parameter provided by high- and low-redshift observations started to be in tension, i.e., the obtained values of such parameters were…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2019-08-23 Matteo Martinelli , Isaac Tutusaus

Few phenomenological models tend to favour higher values of the Hubble parameter, often at the expense of invoking phantom transitions. These models achieve this without introducing additional parameters, akin to the simplicity of the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-06-12 Manosh T. Manoharan

The Phenomenologically Emergent Dark Energy model, a dark energy model with the same number of free parameters as the flat $\Lambda$CDM, has been proposed as a working example of a minimal model which can avoid the current cosmological…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-01-15 Weiqiang Yang , Eleonora Di Valentino , Supriya Pan , Olga Mena

Hubble tension can be alleviated by altering either early- or late-time $\Lambda$CDM. With only one of these effects introduced, early dark energy remains the only solution capable of reducing the tension to the $3\sigma$ level or below. In…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-05-28 Quan Zhou , Zixuan Xu , Sibo Zheng

We develop a new phenomenological model that addresses current tensions between observations of the early and late Universe. Our scenario features: (i) a decaying dark energy fluid (DDE), which undergoes a transition at $z \sim 5,000$, to…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-06-20 Itamar J. Allali , Mark P. Hertzberg , Fabrizio Rompineve

The tension between measurements of the Hubble constant $H_0$ locally and the value inferred from Planck satellite have provided a strong motivation to explore theoretical frameworks beyond the standard cosmological model ($\Lambda$CDM). To…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-08-29 R. Mohebi , Kh. Saaidi T. Golanbari , K. Karami

The $\Lambda$CDM model has long served as the cornerstone of modern cosmology, offering an elegant and successful framework for interpreting a wide range of cosmological observations. However, the rise of high-precision datasets has…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-10-01 Manish Yadav , Archana Dixit , Anirudh Pradhan , M S Barak

We wish to investigate whether there is an extension to the base $\Lambda$CDM cosmology that can resolve the tension between the Planck observation of the cosmic microwave background anisotropies and the local measurement of the Hubble…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2019-02-28 Rui-Yun Guo , Jing-Fei Zhang , Xin Zhang

The emergence of an increasingly strong tension between the Hubble rate inferred from early- and late-time observations has reinvigorated interest in nonstandard scenarios, with the aim of reconciling these measurements. One such model…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2020-12-09 Matteo Lucca , Deanna C. Hooper