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Related papers: Cutoff for a One-sided Transposition Shuffle

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We study the cyclic adjacent transposition (CAT) shuffle of $n$ cards, which is a systematic scan version of the random adjacent transposition (AT) card shuffle. In this paper, we prove that the CAT shuffle exhibits cutoff at $\frac{n^3}{2…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-05-29 Danny Nam , Evita Nestoridi

We analyze the mixing time of a popular shuffling machine known as the shelf shuffler. It is a modified version of a $2m$-handed riffle shuffle ($m=10$ in casinos) in which a deck of $n$ cards is split multinomially into $2m$ piles, the…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-10-24 Andrea Ottolini , Ray Chen

We study the cutoff phenomenon for generalized riffle shuffles where, at each step, the deck of cards is cut into a random number of packs of multinomial sizes which are then riffled together.

Probability · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Guan-Yu Chen , Laurent Saloff-Coste

How many shuffles are needed to mix up a deck of cards? This question may be answered in the language of a random walk on the symmetric group, $S_{52}$. This generalises neatly to the study of random walks on finite groups, themselves a…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-04-22 J. P. McCarthy

A deck of $n$ cards are shuffled by repeatedly taking off the top card, flipping it with probability $1/2$, and inserting it back into the deck at a random position. This process can be considered as a Markov chain on the group $B_n$ of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-03-15 Fumihiko Nakano , Taizo Sadahiro , Tetsuya Sakurai

Consider a permutation $\sigma\in S_n$ as a deck of cards numbered from 1 to $n$ and laid out in a row, where $\sigma_j$ denotes the number of the card that is in the $j$-th position from the left.\rm\ We study some probabilistic and…

Probability · Mathematics 2012-02-10 Ross G. Pinsky

In the Gilbert-Shannon-Reeds shuffle, a deck of $N$ cards is cut into two approximately equal parts which are then riffled uniformly at random. Bayer and Diaconis famously showed that this Markov chain undergoes cutoff in total variation…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-06-08 Mark Sellke

Consider a permutation $\sigma\in S_n$ as a deck of cards numbered from 1 to $n$ and laid out in a row, where $\sigma_j$ denotes the number of the card that is in the $j$-th position from the left.\rm\ We define two cyclic to random…

Probability · Mathematics 2012-04-11 Ross G. Pinsky

We prove asymptotic equivalents for finite-level representations of symmetric groups, that is, for Young diagrams having all but finitely many boxes on their first row. We deduce that random walks on symmetric groups generated by conjugacy…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-05-28 Lucas Teyssier

We study mixing times of the one-sided $k$-transposition shuffle. We prove that this shuffle mixes relatively slowly, even for $k$ big. Using the recent "lifting eigenvectors" technique of Dieker and Saliola and applying the $\ell^2$ bound,…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-12-10 Evita Nestoridi , Kenny Peng

Recently Wilson [Ann. Appl. Probab. 14 (2004) 274--325] introduced an important new technique for lower bounding the mixing time of a Markov chain. In this paper we extend Wilson's technique to find lower bounds of the correct order for…

Probability · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Johan Jonasson

In card-based cryptography, a deck of physical cards is used to achieve secure computation. A shuffle, which randomly permutes a card-sequence along with some probability distribution, ensures the security of a card-based protocol. The…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-03-22 Kazumasa Shinagawa , Kengo Miyamoto

The transpose top-$2$ with random shuffle (J. Theoret. Probab., 2020) is a lazy random walk on the alternating group $A_n$ generated by $3$-cycles of the form $(\star,n-1,n)$ and $(\star,n,n-1)$. We obtain the limit profile of this random…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-10-07 Subhajit Ghosh , Nishu Kumari

The best known lower and upper bounds on the mixing time for the random-to-random insertions shuffle are $(1/2-o(1))n\log n$ and $(2+o(1))n\log n$. A long standing open problem is to prove that the mixing time exhibits a cutoff. In…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-03-19 Eliran Subag

Standard perfect shuffles involve splitting a deck of $2n$ cards into two stacks and interlacing the cards from the stacks. There are two ways that this interlacing can be done, commonly referred to as an in shuffle and an out shuffle,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-03-09 Samuel Johnson , Lakshman Manny , Cornelia A. Van Cott , QiYu Zhang

Consider the interchange process on a connected graph $G=(V,E)$ on $n$ vertices. I.e.\ shuffle a deck of cards by first placing one card at each vertex of $G$ in a fixed order and then at each tick of the clock, picking an edge uniformly at…

Probability · Mathematics 2012-10-26 Johan Jonasson

A Gilbert-Shannon-Reeds (GSR) shuffle is performed on a deck of $N$ cards by cutting the top $n\sim Bin(N,1/2)$ cards and interleaving the two resulting piles uniformly at random. The celebrated "Seven shuffles suffice" theorem of…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-10-28 Mark Sellke , Jialu Shi , Jiamin Wang

In the cyclic-to-random shuffle, we are given n cards arranged in a circle. At step k, we exchange the k'th card along the circle with a uniformly chosen random card. The problem of determining the mixing time of the cyclic-to-random…

Probability · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Elchanan Mossel , Yuval Peres , Alistair Sinclair

The card-cyclic-to-random shuffle is the card shuffle where the $n$ cards are labeled $1,\ldots,n$ according to their starting positions. Then the cards are mixed by first picking card $1$ from the deck and reinserting it at a uniformly…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-09-29 Johan Jonasson

We propose a model of card shuffling where a pack of cards, spread as points on a square table, are repeatedly gathered locally at random spots and then spread towards a random direction. A shuffling of the cards is then obtained by…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-06-14 Persi Diaconis , Soumik Pal