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The standard conditional probability definition formula is derived as a consequence of the Insufficient Reason Principle expressed as the Maximum Relative Divergence Principle for grading (order-comonotonic) functions on a totally ordered…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-07-14 Alexander Dukhovny

We axiomatically introduce risk-consistent conditional systemic risk measures defined on multidimensional risks. This class consists of those conditional systemic risk measures which can be decomposed into a state-wise conditional…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2016-09-27 Hannes Hoffmann , Thilo Meyer-Brandis , Gregor Svindland

The notion of context (complex of physical conditions) is basic in this paper. We show that the main structures of quantum theory (interference of probabilities, Born's rule, complex probabilistic amplitudes, Hilbert state space,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 Andrei Khrennikov

Kolmogorov's first axiom of probability is probability takes values between 0 and 1; however, in Cox's derivation of probability having a maximum value of unity is arbitrary since he derives probability as a tool to rank degrees of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-12-05 Kevin Vanslette

We study a generalization of conditional probability for arbitrary ordered vector spaces. A related problem is that of assigning a numerical value to one vector relative to another. We characterize the groups for which these generalized…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-01-12 Nicolas Monod

A general notion of algebraic conditional plausibility measures is defined. Probability measures, ranking functions, possibility measures, and (under the appropriate definitions) sets of probability measures can all be viewed as defining…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2011-06-16 Joseph Y. Halpern

It is shown that the standard Kolmogorov model for probability spaces cannot in general allow the elimination but of only a small amount of probabilistic redundancy. This issue, a purely theoretical weakness, not necessarily related to…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Elemer E Rosinger

This note generalizes the notion of conditional probability to Riesz spaces using the order-theoretic approach. With the aid of this concept, we establish the law of total probability and Bayes' theorem in Riesz spaces; we also prove an…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-09-05 Liang Hong

Andrei Kolmogorov's Grundbegriffe der Wahrscheinlichkeits-rechnung put probability's modern mathematical formalism in place. It also provided a philosophy of probability--an explanation of how the formalism can be connected to the world of…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2007-06-13 Glenn Shafer , Vladimir Vovk

In this review article we present different formal frameworks for the description of generalized probabilities in statistical theories. We discuss the particular cases of probabilities appearing in classical and quantum mechanics, possible…

Other Statistics · Statistics 2021-08-04 F. Holik , C. Massri , A. Plastino , M. Sáenz

We develop an analogue of probability theory for probabilities taking values in topological groups. We generalize Kolmogorov's method of axiomatization of probability theory: main distinguishing features of frequency probabilities are taken…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-06-26 Andrei Khrennikov

The Principle of Complementarity of Probabilities based on of noncommutative probability is introduced.

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-05-10 Andrei Khrennikov , Sergei Kozyrev

This contribution derives from a rather extensive study on the foundations of probability. We start by discussing critically the two main models of the random event in Probability Theroy and cast light over a number of incongruities. We…

Probability · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Paolo Rocchi , Leonida Gianfagna

The mathematics of classical probability theory was subsumed into classical measure theory by Kolmogorov in 1933. Quantum theory as nonclassical probability theory was incorporated into the beginnings of noncommutative measure theory by von…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Miklos Redei , Stephen J. Summers

The presence of contextuality in quantum theory was first highlighted by Bell, Kochen and Specker, who discovered that for quantum systems of three or more dimensions, measurements cannot be viewed as revealing pre-existing properties of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-04-07 Andrew W. Simmons , Joel J. Wallman , Hakop Pashayan , Stephen D. Bartlett , Terry Rudolph

Recent authors have proposed analyzing conditional reasoning through a notion of intervention on a simulation program, and have found a sound and complete axiomatization of the logic of conditionals in this setting. Here we extend this…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-07-31 Duligur Ibeling

A selection of the relevant theorems of Probability Theory that comes directly from Kolmogorov's axioms, Set Theory basic results, definitions and rules of inference are listed and proven in a systematic approach, aiming the student who…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2022-06-14 Diego J. Raposo

The paper aim is the axiomatic justification of the theory of experience and chance, one of the dual halves of which is the Kolmogorov probability theory. The author's main idea was the natural inclusion of Kolmogorov's axiomatics of…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2018-01-23 Oleg Yu. Vorobyev

An equational axiomatisation of probability functions for one-dimensional event spaces in the language of signed meadows is expanded with conditional values. Conditional values constitute a so-called signed vector meadow. In the presence of…

Logic · Mathematics 2019-05-28 Jan A. Bergstra

In this paper, we introduce a large class of (so-called) conditional indicators, on a complete probability space with respect to a sub $\sigma$-algebra. A conditional indicator is a positive mapping, which is not necessary linear, but may…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-05-20 Dorsaf Cherif , Emmanuel Lepinette