Related papers: Non-constant hazard ratios in randomized controlle…

A test of the null hypothesis that a hazard rate is monotone nondecreasing, versus the alternative that it is not, is proposed. Both the test statistic and the means of calibrating it are new. Unlike previous approaches, neither is based on…

A popular Bayesian nonparametric approach to survival analysis consists in modeling hazard rates as kernel mixtures driven by a completely random measure. In this paper we derive asymptotic results for linear and quadratic functionals of…

The Hazard Ratio (HR) is often reported as the main causal effect when studying survival data. Despite its popularity, the HR suffers from an unclear causal interpretation. As already pointed out in the literature, there is a built-in…

Motivated by the need to analyze continuously updated data sets in the context of time-to-event modeling, we propose a novel nonparametric approach to estimate the conditional hazard function given a set of continuous and discrete…

In large observational studies, the case-cohort design is commonly used to reduce the cost associated with covariate measurement. For survival outcomes, literature has suggested that the restricted mean survival time (RMST) be a more…

In randomised trials, continuous endpoints are often measured with some degree of error. This study explores the impact of ignoring measurement error, and proposes methods to improve statistical inference in the presence of measurement…

In reliability theory and survival analysis, observed data are often weakly dependent and subject to additive measurement errors. Such contamination arises when the underlying data are neither independent nor strongly mixed but instead…

Comparative binary outcome data are of fundamental interest in statistics and are often pooled in meta-analyses. Here we examine the simplest case where for each study there are two patient groups and a binary event of interest, giving rise…

This paper studies Difference-in-Differences (DiD) setups with repeated cross-sectional data and potential compositional changes across time periods. We begin our analysis by deriving the efficient influence function and the semiparametric…

Objective: Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) are widely considered as gold standard for assessing the effectiveness of new health interventions. When treatment non-compliance is present in RCTs, the treatment effect in the subgroup of…

Recently, there as been an increasing interest in the use of heavily restricted randomization designs which enforces balance on observed covariates in randomized controlled trials. However, when restrictions are strict, there is a risk that…

Hierarchical composite endpoints, such as those analyzed using the Finkelstein-Schoenfeld (FS) statistic, are increasingly used in clinical trials for their ability to incorporate clinically prioritized outcomes. However, adaptive design…

In clinical and epidemiological studies, hazard ratios are often applied to compare treatment effects between two groups for survival data. For competing risks data, the corresponding quantities of interest are cause-specific hazard ratios…

Unmeasured confounding and selection bias are often of concern in observational studies and may invalidate a causal analysis if not appropriately accounted for. Under outcome-dependent sampling, a latent factor that has causal effects on…

We address causal estimation in semi-competing risks settings, where a non-terminal event may be precluded by one or more terminal events. We define a principal-stratification causal estimand for treatment effects on the non-terminal event,…

Generalization methods offer a powerful solution to one of the key drawbacks of randomized controlled trials (RCTs): their limited representativeness. By enabling the transport of treatment effect estimates to target populations subject to…

The log-rank test and the Cox proportional hazards model are commonly used to compare time-to-event data in clinical trials, as they are most powerful under proportional hazards. But there is a loss of power if this assumption is violated,…

The Regression Discontinuity (RD) design is a quasi-experimental design which emulates a randomised study by exploiting situations where treatment is assigned according to a continuous variable as is common in many drug treatment…

This paper studies the identification of causal effects of a continuous treatment using a new difference-in-difference strategy. Our approach allows for endogeneity of the treatment, and employs repeated cross-sections. It requires an…

Tests for proportional hazards assumption concerning specified covariates or groups of covariates are proposed. The class of alternatives is wide: log-hazard rates under different values of covariates may cross, approach, go away. The data…