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We present a wide-ranging but in-depth analysis of Centaurs, focusing on their physical and structural aspects. Centaurs, originating from the Scattered Disk and Kuiper Belt, play a crucial role in our understanding of Solar System…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-06-06 Y. R. Fernandez , M. W. Buie , P. Lacerda , R. Marschall

Recent observations and detections of interstellar objects (ISOs) passing through the solar system have sparked a wave of interest into these objects. Although rare, these ISOs can be captured into bound orbits around the Sun. In this…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-08-09 Diptajyoti Mukherjee , Amir Siraj , Hy Trac , Abraham Loeb

A numerical simulation of the Oort cloud is used to explain the observed orbital distributions and numbers of Jupiter-family and Halley-type short-period comets. Comets are given initial orbits with perihelion distances between 5 and 36 AU,…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2014-02-07 V. V. Emel'yanenko , D. J. Asher , M. E. Bailey

The accumulating, but small, set of large semi-major axis trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs) shows an apparent clustering in the orientations of their orbits. This clustering must either be representative of the intrinsic distribution of these…

We have numerically investigated the long term dynamical behavior of known Centaurs. This class of objects is thought to constitute the transitional population between the Kuiper Belt and the Jupiter-family comets (JFCs). In our study, we…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-02-14 Matthew S. Tiscareno , Renu Malhotra

The Scattered Disk Objects (SDOs) are a population of trans-Neptunian bodies with semimajor axes $50< a \lesssim 1000$ au and perihelion distances $q \gtrsim 30$ au. The detached SDOs with orbits beyond the reach of Neptune (roughly…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-08-23 David Nesvorny , Pedro Bernardinelli , David Vokrouhlicky , Konstantin Batygin

Centaurs populate relatively short-lived and rapidly evolving orbits in the giant-planet region and are believed to be one of the solar system's most complex and diverse populations. Most Centaurs are linked to origins in the dynamically…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-11-26 Rosita Kokotanekova , Aurélie Guilbert-Lepoutre , Matthew M. Knight , Jean-Baptiste Vincent

The compositional and morphological evolution of minor bodies in the Solar System is primarily driven by the evolution of their heliocentric distances, as the level of incident solar radiation regulates cometary activity. We investigate the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-10-07 Darryl Z. Seligman , Kaitlin M. Kratter , W. Garrett Levine , Robert Jedicke

The minor planets on orbits that are dynamically stable in Neptune's 1:1 resonance on Gyr timescales were likely emplaced by Neptune's outward migration. We explore the intrinsic libration amplitude, eccentricity, and inclination…

We aim to compute the impact rates for objects with a diameter of 1 km onto the regular satellites of Jupiter, Saturn and Uranus using our latest dynamical simulations of the evolution of outer solar system coupled with the best estimates…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-06-12 R. Brasser , E. W. Wong , S. C. Werner

In this work we present the results of a suite of dynamical simulations following the orbital evolution of 8,022 hypothetical Centaur objects. These Centaurs begin our integrations on orbits in the vicinity of the 2:1 mean motion resonance…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-03-23 Jeremy Wood , Jonathan Horner

Using the absolute detection calibration and abundant detections of the OSSOS (Outer Solar System Origin Survey) project, we provide population measurements for the main Kuiper Belt. For absolute magnitude $H_r<8.3$, there are 30,000…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-09-06 Jean-Marc Petit , Brett Gladman , J. J. Kavelaars , Michele T. Bannister , Mike Alexandersen , Kathryn Volk , Ying-Tung Chen

We estimate the total population of near-Earth objects (NEOs) in the Solar System, using an extensive, `Solar System to pixels' fake-asteroid simulation to debias detections of real NEOs by the ATLAS survey. Down to absolute magnitudes…

Large scale simulations of Centaurs have yielded vast amounts of data, the analysis of which allows interesting but uncommon scenarios to be studied. One such rare phenomenon is the temporary capture of Centaurs as Trojans of the giant…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 J. Horner , N. Wyn Evans

A modified Baker-Nunn camera was used to conduct a wide-field survey of 1428 square degrees of sky near the ecliptic in search of bright Kuiper Belt objects and Centaurs. This area is an order of magnitude larger than any previously…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-31 S. Sheppard , D. Jewitt , C. Trujillo , M. Brown , M. Ashley

We present a short review of the impact regime experienced by the terrestrial planets within our own Solar system, describing the three populations of potentially hazardous objects which move on orbits that take them through the inner Solar…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2011-12-16 Jonathan Horner , Patryk Sofia Lykawka

The discovery of the first two macroscopic interstellar objects (ISOs) passing through the Solar System has opened entirely new perspectives in planetary science. The exploration of these objects offers a qualitatively new insight into the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-01-24 Dušan Marčeta

Interstellar material has been discovered in our Solar System, yet its origins and details of its transport are unknown. Here we present $\alpha$ Centauri as a case study of the delivery of interstellar material to our Solar System.…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-03-10 Cole R. Gregg , Paul A. Wiegert

Both physical and dynamical properties must be considered to constrain the origins of the dynamically excited distant Solar System populations. We present high-precision (g-r) colors for 25 small (Hr>5) dynamically excited Trans-Neptunian…

The Vera C. Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) will start by the end of 2025 and operate for ten years, offering billions of observations of the southern night sky. One of its main science goals is to create an…