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It has been said, arguably, that causality analysis should pave a promising way to interpretable deep learning and generalization. Incorporation of causality into artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms, however, is challenged with its…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-02-22 X. San Liang , Dake Chen , Renhe Zhang

The "AI for Science, Energy, and Security" report from DOE outlines a significant focus on developing and optimizing artificial intelligence workflows for a foundational impact on a broad range of DOE missions. With the pervasive usage of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-07 Jae-Won Chung , Nishil Talati , Mosharaf Chowdhury

Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) is driving significant environmental impacts. The rapid development and deployment of increasingly larger algorithmic models capable of analysing vast amounts of data are contributing to rising…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Ana Valdivia

The proliferation of software and AI comes with a hidden risk: its growing energy and carbon footprint. As concerns regarding environmental sustainability come to the forefront, understanding and optimizing how software impacts the…

The climate impact of AI, and NLP research in particular, has become a serious issue given the enormous amount of energy that is increasingly being used for training and running computational models. Consequently, increasing focus is placed…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-19 Daniel Hershcovich , Nicolas Webersinke , Mathias Kraus , Julia Anna Bingler , Markus Leippold

We investigate whether modern AI can emulate expert creativity in complex scientific endeavors. We introduce novel methodology that utilizes original research articles published after the AI's training cutoff, ensuring no prior exposure,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Anirban Mukherjee , Hannah Hanwen Chang

Modern Education is not \textit{Modern} without AI. However, AI's complex nature makes understanding and fixing problems challenging. Research worldwide shows that a parent's income greatly influences a child's education. This led us to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-04 Supriya Manna , Niladri Sett

Artificial intelligence (AI) has moved to the center of policy, market, and academic debates, but its macroeconomic footprint is still only partly understood. This paper provides an overview on how the current AI wave is captured in US…

General Economics · Economics 2026-01-19 Luisa Carpinelli , Filippo Natoli , Marco Taboga

The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) has brought significant challenges to the education and workforce skills required to take advantage of AI for human-AI collaboration in the workplace. As AI continues to reshape…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Margarida Romero

Cutting-edge research in Artificial Intelligence (AI) requires considerable resources, including Graphics Processing Units (GPUs), data, and human resources. In this paper, we evaluate of the relationship between these resources and the…

Deep neural networks ("deep learning") have emerged as a technology of choice to tackle problems in natural language processing, computer vision, speech recognition and gameplay, and in just a few years has led to superhuman level…

Computational Physics · Physics 2020-05-05 Rama K. Vasudevan , Maxim Ziatdinov , Lukas Vlcek , Sergei V. Kalinin

In artificial intelligence (AI), the complexity of many models and processes surpasses human understanding, making it challenging to determine why a specific prediction is made. This lack of transparency is particularly problematic in…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-06-30 Alexandra Stadler , Werner G. Müller , Radoslav Harman

While the recent advances in deep neural networks (DNN) bring remarkable success, the computational cost also increases considerably. In this paper, we introduce Greenformer, a toolkit to accelerate the computation of neural networks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-12 Samuel Cahyawijaya , Genta Indra Winata , Holy Lovenia , Bryan Wilie , Wenliang Dai , Etsuko Ishii , Pascale Fung

This paper argues that continued AI scaling requires repeated efficiency doublings. Classical AI scaling laws remain useful because they make progress predictable despite diminishing returns, but the compute variable in those laws is best…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Chien-Ping Lu

Today, the AI community is obsessed with 'state-of-the-art' scores (80% papers in NeurIPS) as the major performance metrics, due to which an important parameter, i.e., the environmental metric, remains unreported. Computational capabilities…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-11-17 Aviral Chharia , Shivu Chauhan , Rahul Upadhyay , Vinay Kumar

Deep models are dominating the artificial intelligence (AI) industry since the ImageNet challenge in 2012. The size of deep models is increasing ever since, which brings new challenges to this field with applications in cell phones,…

Scientific research faces high costs and inefficiencies with traditional methods, but the rise of deep learning and large language models (LLMs) offers innovative solutions. This survey reviews transformer-based LLM applications across…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Kaiyuan Tian , Linbo Qiao , Baihui Liu , Gongqingjian Jiang , Shanshan Li , Dongsheng Li

As the possibilities for Artificial Intelligence (AI) have grown, so have concerns regarding its impacts on society and the environment. However, these issues are often raised separately; i.e. carbon footprint analyses of AI models…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Alexandra Sasha Luccioni , Giada Pistilli , Raesetje Sefala , Nyalleng Moorosi

Mathematical reasoning is a fundamental aspect of human intelligence and is applicable in various fields, including science, engineering, finance, and everyday life. The development of artificial intelligence (AI) systems capable of solving…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-06-23 Pan Lu , Liang Qiu , Wenhao Yu , Sean Welleck , Kai-Wei Chang

The demand for computing is continuing to grow exponentially. This growth will translate to exponential growth in computing's energy consumption unless improvements in its energy-efficiency can outpace increases in its demand. Yet, after…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-07-04 Noman Bashir , David Irwin , Prashant Shenoy , Abel Souza