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The multiplication of matrices is an important arithmetic operation in computational mathematics. In the context of hierarchical matrices, this operation can be realized by the multiplication of structured block-wise low-rank matrices,…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2018-05-24 Jürgen Dölz , Helmut Harbrecht , Michael D. Multerer

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) lowers the computational and memory overhead of fine-tuning large models by updating a low-dimensional subspace of the pre-trained weight matrix. Albeit efficient, LoRA exhibits suboptimal convergence and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Yilang Zhang , Bingcong Li , Georgios B. Giannakis

The ability of Large Language Models (LLMs) to solve complex tasks has made them crucial in the development of AI-based applications. However, the high computational requirements to fine-tune these LLMs on downstream tasks pose significant…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-08 Raul Singh , Nicolo Brunello , Vincenzo Scotti , Mark James Carman

Randomized algorithms for low-rank approximation of quaternion matrices have gained increasing attention in recent years. However, existing methods overlook pass efficiency, the ability to limit the number of passes over the input…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-03-25 Salman Ahmadi-Asl , Malihe Nobakht Kooshkghazi , Valentin Leplat

It is a common practice in natural language processing to pre-train a single model on a general domain and then fine-tune it for downstream tasks. However, when it comes to Large Language Models, fine-tuning the entire model can be…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Cristian Meo , Ksenia Sycheva , Anirudh Goyal , Justin Dauwels

CUR matrix decomposition computes the low rank approximation of a given matrix by using the actual rows and columns of the matrix. It has been a very useful tool for handling large matrices. One limitation with the existing algorithms for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2014-11-05 Miao Xu , Rong Jin , Zhi-Hua Zhou

Large reasoning models (LRMs) often consume excessive tokens, inflating computational cost and latency. More broadly, in goal reaching sequential decision problems we often want to reach the goal quickly, and LRM reasoning can be viewed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Alex Ayoub , Kavosh Asadi , Dale Schuurmans , Csaba Szepesvári , Karim Bouyarmane

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) enables parameter-efficient fine-tuning of large language models by decomposing weight updates into low-rank matrices, significantly reducing storage and computational overhead. While effective, standard LoRA…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Patryk Marszałek , Klaudia Bałazy , Jacek Tabor , Tomasz Kuśmierczyk

Robust principal component analysis (RPCA) is a widely used tool for dimension reduction. In this work, we propose a novel non-convex algorithm, coined Iterated Robust CUR (IRCUR), for solving RPCA problems, which dramatically improves the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-02-09 HanQin Cai , Keaton Hamm , Longxiu Huang , Jiaqi Li , Tao Wang

Test-time compute scaling, the practice of spending extra computation during inference via repeated sampling, search, or extended reasoning, has become a powerful lever for improving large language model performance. Yet deploying these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Zhiyuan Zhai , Bingcong Li , Bingnan Xiao , Ming Li , Xin Wang

A well-recognized limitation of kernel learning is the requirement to handle a kernel matrix, whose size is quadratic in the number of training examples. Many methods have been proposed to reduce this computational cost, mostly by using a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2014-11-06 Nicolò Cesa-Bianchi , Yishay Mansour , Ohad Shamir

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) has gained popularity for fine-tuning large foundation models, leveraging low-rank matrices $\mathbf{A}$ and $\mathbf{B}$ to represent weight changes (i.e., $\Delta \mathbf{W} = \mathbf{B} \mathbf{A}$). This…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Aochuan Chen , Jiashun Cheng , Zijing Liu , Ziqi Gao , Fugee Tsung , Yu Li , Jia Li

Let $\mathbf{P}=\{ p_1, p_2, \ldots p_n \}$ and $\mathbf{Q} = \{ q_1, q_2 \ldots q_m \}$ be two point sets in an arbitrary metric space. Let $\mathbf{A}$ represent the $m\times n$ pairwise distance matrix with $\mathbf{A}_{i,j} = d(p_i,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-09-20 Ainesh Bakshi , David P. Woodruff

Fine-tuning large-scale pretrained models is prohibitively expensive in terms of computational and memory costs. LoRA, as one of the most popular Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) methods, offers a cost-effective alternative by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-17 Shaowen Wang , Linxi Yu , Jian Li

Recently, large language models (LLMs) have advanced recommendation systems (RSs), and recent works have begun to explore how to integrate LLMs into industrial RSs. While most approaches deploy LLMs offline to generate and pre-cache…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Yunjia Xi , Menghui Zhu , Jianghao Lin , Bo Chen , Ruiming Tang , Yong Yu , Weinan Zhang

Compression has emerged as one of the essential deep learning research topics, especially for the edge devices that have limited computation power and storage capacity. Among the main compression techniques, low-rank compression via matrix…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-02 Moonjung Eo , Suhyun Kang , Wonjong Rhee

In this work, the Parareal algorithm is applied to evolution problems that admit good low-rank approximations and for which the dynamical low-rank approximation (DLRA) can be used as time stepper. Many discrete integrators for DLRA have…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-09-14 Benjamin Carrel , Martin J. Gander , Bart Vandereycken

Low-rank modeling has many important applications in computer vision and machine learning. While the matrix rank is often approximated by the convex nuclear norm, the use of nonconvex low-rank regularizers has demonstrated better empirical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-07-25 Quanming Yao , James T. Kwok , Taifeng Wang , Tie-Yan Liu

The full-size MLPs and the projection layers in attention introduce tremendous model sizes of large language models (LLMs), consuming extensive computational resources in pre-training. We empirically observe that the activations of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Ziyue Liu , Ruijie Zhang , Zhengyang Wang , Mingsong Yan , Zi Yang , Paul Hovland , Bogdan Nicolae , Franck Cappello , Sui Tang , Zheng Zhang

In this paper, we present Delta-LoRA, which is a novel parameter-efficient approach to fine-tune large language models (LLMs). In contrast to LoRA and other low-rank adaptation methods such as AdaLoRA, Delta-LoRA not only updates the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Bojia Zi , Xianbiao Qi , Lingzhi Wang , Jianan Wang , Kam-Fai Wong , Lei Zhang