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CUR matrix decomposition is a randomized algorithm that can efficiently compute the low rank approximation for a given rectangle matrix. One limitation with the existing CUR algorithms is that they require an access to the full matrix A for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2014-03-25 Rong Jin , Shenghuo Zhu

Low-rank adaptation is a popular parameter-efficient fine-tuning method for large language models. In this paper, we analyze the impact of low-rank updating, as implemented in LoRA. Our findings suggest that the low-rank updating mechanism…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Ting Jiang , Shaohan Huang , Shengyue Luo , Zihan Zhang , Haizhen Huang , Furu Wei , Weiwei Deng , Feng Sun , Qi Zhang , Deqing Wang , Fuzhen Zhuang

Principal component analysis (PCA) requires the computation of a low-rank approximation to a matrix containing the data being analyzed. In many applications of PCA, the best possible accuracy of any rank-deficient approximation is at most a…

Computation · Statistics 2010-06-04 Vladimir Rokhlin , Arthur Szlam , Mark Tygert

Matrices are exceptionally useful in various fields of study as they provide a convenient framework to organize and manipulate data in a structured manner. However, modern matrices can involve billions of elements, making their storage and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-18 Rajarshi Saha , Varun Srivastava , Mert Pilanci

Low-rank approximation of a matrix by means of random sampling has been consistently efficient in its empirical studies by many scientists who applied it with various sparse and structured multipliers, but adequate formal support for this…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2016-06-07 Victor Y. Pan , Liang Zhao

Low-rank representation~(LRR) has been a significant method for segmenting data that are generated from a union of subspaces. It is, however, known that solving the LRR program is challenging in terms of time complexity and memory…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-10-24 Jie Shen , Ping Li , Huan Xu

We give sublinear-time approximation algorithms for some optimization problems arising in machine learning, such as training linear classifiers and finding minimum enclosing balls. Our algorithms can be extended to some kernelized versions…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2010-10-22 Kenneth L. Clarkson , Elad Hazan , David P. Woodruff

The low-rank matrix approximation problem with respect to the component-wise $\ell_1$-norm ($\ell_1$-LRA), which is closely related to robust principal component analysis (PCA), has become a very popular tool in data mining and machine…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-12-19 Nicolas Gillis , Stephen A. Vavasis

As large language models (LLMs) continue to scale in size, the computational overhead has become a major bottleneck for task-specific fine-tuning. While low-rank adaptation (LoRA) effectively curtails this cost by confining the weight…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Yilang Zhang , Xiaodong Yang , Yiwei Cai , Georgios B. Giannakis

The Automatic Amortized Resource Analysis (AARA) derives program-execution cost bounds using types. To do so, AARA often makes use of cost-free types, which are critical for the composition of types and cost bounds. However, inferring…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-09-30 David M Kahn , Jan Hoffmann , Thomas Reps , Jessie Grosen

Large Language Models have shown remarkable capabilities in the NLP domain. Their effectiveness can mainly be attributed to their ability to adapt to an array of downstream tasks. However, generally, full fine-tuning is a computationally…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Harsh Bihany , Shubham Patel , Ashutosh Modi

Low-rank Adaptation (LoRA) has gained popularity as a fine-tuning approach for Large Language Models (LLMs) due to its low resource requirements and good performance. While a plethora of work has investigated improving LoRA serving…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Minghao Yan , Zhuang Wang , Zhen Jia , Shivaram Venkataraman , Yida Wang

Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) is computationally expensive, and Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) provides a cost-effective solution by approximating weight updates through low-rank matrices. In real-world scenarios, LLMs are fine-tuned…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Jinda Liu , Yi Chang , Yuan Wu

A CUR approximation of a matrix $A$ is a particular type of low-rank approximation $A \approx C U R$, where $C$ and $R$ consist of columns and rows of $A$, respectively. One way to obtain such an approximation is to apply column subset…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2019-08-19 Alice Cortinovis , Daniel Kressner

We introduce and study the problem of consistent low-rank approximation, in which rows of an input matrix $\mathbf{A}\in\mathbb{R}^{n\times d}$ arrive sequentially and the goal is to provide a sequence of subspaces that well-approximate the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-03-03 David P. Woodruff , Samson Zhou

We study the computational limits of Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) for finetuning transformer-based models using fine-grained complexity theory. Our key observation is that the existence of low-rank decompositions within the gradient…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Jerry Yao-Chieh Hu , Maojiang Su , En-Jui Kuo , Zhao Song , Han Liu

This work, for the first time, introduces two constant factor approximation algorithms with linear query complexity for non-monotone submodular maximization over a ground set of size $n$ subject to a knapsack constraint, $\mathsf{DLA}$ and…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-07-11 Canh V. Pham , Tan D. Tran , Dung T. K. Ha , My T. Thai

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) with large language models (LLMs) is especially valuable in specialized domains, where precision is critical. To more specialize the LLMs into a target domain, domain-specific RAG has recently been…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Juntae Lee , Jihwan Bang , Seunghan Yang , Kyuhong Shim , Simyung Chang

In fine-tuning large language models (LLMs), conserving computational resources while maintaining effectiveness and improving outcomes within the same computational constraints is crucial. The Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) strategy balances…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-05 Xiaojun Xiao , Sen Shen , Qiming Bao , Hongfei Rong , Kairui Liu , Zhongsheng Wang , Jiamou Liu

We present a fast randomized algorithm that computes a low rank LU decomposition. Our algorithm uses random projections type techniques to efficiently compute a low rank approximation of large matrices. The randomized LU algorithm can be…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2016-02-02 Gil Shabat , Yaniv Shmueli , Yariv Aizenbud , Amir Averbuch