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This brief overview presents an introduction to the heavy-quark exotic hadron candidates, $X$, $Y$, $Z$, $P_c$, believed to be tetraquark and pentaquark states. After an abridged account of their discovery, we outline the various…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2016-07-01 Richard F. Lebed

Recent data on the $D^*$ masses confirm the QCD prediction based on the \REF{\ICHJL}{Isaac Cohen and Harry J. Lipkin, \plb{84}{323}{1979}} very general assumption $\({\ICHJL}\)$ that the spin-dependence of the quark couplings to photons and…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-10-22 Harry J. Lipkin

A diquark model previously formulated to describe exotic mesons is extended to dibaryons. In the model, dibaryons containing only light quarks are unbound. The $H$ dibaryon, consisting of $uuddss$ quarks, is unstable by about 90 MeV or…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2007-05-23 D. B. Lichtenberg , R. Roncaglia , E. Predazzi

We make an exhaustive investigation on the pentaquark states $qqqc\bar{c}$ ($q=u, d$ and $s$) and discuss the effect of color structures in a multiquark color flux-tube model. We exhibit a novel picture of the structure and properties of…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2022-06-28 Cheng-Rong Deng

The color anti-triplet triquark $q\bar{q}\bar{q}$ is considered as a compact component in the tetraquark structure $cq\bar{q}\bar{q}$ of exotic $D_{s}$ mesons. We discuss the mass spectrum and the flavor mixing of the triquarks by using the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2008-11-26 S. Yasui , M. Oka

The relativistic interacting quark-diquark model of baryons, recently developed, is here extended to introduce a spin-isospin transition interaction into the mass operator. The refined version of the model is used to calculate the non…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2016-08-02 M. De Sanctis , J. Ferretti , E. Santopinto , A. Vassallo

The recent observation of higher quark combinations, tetraquarks and pentaquarks, is a strong indication of more exotic hadrons. Using Z_{2} and Z_{3} symmetries and standard model data, a general quark combination producing new hadronic…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-11-05 Adil Belhaj , Salah Eddine Ennadifi , Moulay Brahim Sedra

We have done the exploratory study of bottom tetraquarks ($[bq\bar b \bar q];{q\in u,d}$) in the diquark-antidiquark framework with the inclusion of spin hyperfine, spin-orbit and tensor components of the one gluon exchange interaction. Our…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2016-07-20 Smruti Patel , P C Vinodkumar

Diquark correlations play an important role in hadron physics. The properties of diquarks can be obtained from the corresponding bound state equation. Using a model for the effective quark-quark interaction that has proved successful in the…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2015-06-26 Pieter Maris

The lowest-lying charmonium-like tetraquarks $c\bar{c}q\bar{q}$ $(q=u,\,d)$ and $c\bar{c}s\bar{s}$, with spin-parity $J^P=0^+$, $1^+$ and $2^+$, and isospin $I=0$ and $1$, are systematically investigated within the theoretical framework of…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2023-03-28 Gang Yang , Jialun Ping , Jorge Segovia

We consider the ${\bar D}^{(*)}\Sigma_c^{(*)}$ states, together with $J/\psi N$ and other coupled channels, and take an interaction consistent with heavy quark spin symmetry, with the dynamical input obtained from an extension of the local…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2019-07-24 C. W. Xiao , J. Nieves , E. Oset

Nowadays, it is generally accepted that the $DK$ interaction in isospin zero is strongly attractive and the $D_{s0}^*(2317)$ can be described as a $DK$ molecular state. Recent studies show that the three-body $DDK$ system binds as well with…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2020-02-05 Yin Huang , Ming-Zhu Liu , Ya-Wen Pan , Li-Sheng Geng , A. Martínez Torres , K. P. Khemchandani

Results from a model study on the formation of exotic quark clusters at the hadronization stage of a heavy ion collision are presented. The dynamical quark molecular dynamics (qMD) model which is used is sketched, and results for exotica…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-11-10 Stefan Scherer

Symmetrization selection rules for the decay of four-quark states to two J=0 mesons are analysed in a non - field theoretic context with isospin symmetry. The OZI allowed decay of an isoscalar J^PC = (1,3,...)^{-+} exotic state to eta' eta…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-01-07 Philip R. Page

The three pentaquark states, $P_c(4312)$, $P_c(4440)$ and $P_c(4457)$, discovered by the LHCb Collaboration in 2019, can be arranged into a complete heavy quark spin symmetry multiplet of hadronic molecules of…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2022-10-12 Ya-Wen Pan , Tian-Wei Wu , Ming-Zhu Liu , Li-Sheng Geng

Isospin symmetry, as the most precise flavor symmetry, can be used to extract information about hadronic dynamics. The effective Hamiltonian operators of bottom quark weak decays are zero under a series of isospin lowering operators…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-06-10 Wei-Chen Fu , Si-Jia Wen , Di Wang

Inspired by the experimentally reported $T_{c\bar{s}}(2900)$ exotic states, the $S$-wave $\bar{q}q\bar{s}Q$ $(q=u,\,d;\,Q=c,\,b)$ tetraquarks, with spin-parity $J^P=0^+$, $1^+$ and $2^+$, in both isoscalar and isovector sectors are…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2023-11-20 Gang Yang , Jialun Ping , Jorge Segovia

The lightest hidden-bottom tetraquarks in the dynamical diquark model fill an $S$-wave multiplet consisting of 12 isomultiplets. We predict their masses and dominant bottomonium decay channels using a simple 3-parameter Hamiltonian that…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2020-07-29 Jesse F. Giron , Richard F. Lebed

In 2020, a di-$J/\psi$ resonance centered at around 6.9 $\mathrm{GeV}$ was discovered by the LHCb Collaboration, and was later confirmed by the ATLAS and CMS Collaborations. In addition to the 6.9-$\mathrm{GeV}$ resonance, its low energy…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2023-12-19 Hong-Fei Zhang , Xue-Mei Mo , Yu-Peng Yan

Electromagnetic dipole interactions of light quarks induce distinct spin correlations in quark pairs produced at lepton colliders, favoring entangled spin-triplet state aligned along the $\hat{z}$ axis or spin-singlet state. These…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-09-24 Qing-Hong Cao , Guanghui Li , Xin-Kai Wen , Bin Yan
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