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The signature is a representation of a path as an infinite sequence of its iterated integrals. Under certain assumptions, the signature characterizes the path, up to translation and reparameterization. Therefore, a crucial question of…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-09-20 Adeline Fermanian , Jiawei Chang , Terry Lyons , Gérard Biau

The aim of this article is to develop an explicit procedure that enables one to reconstruct any $C^1$ path (at natural parametrization) from its signature. We also explicitly quantify the distance between the reconstructed path and the…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2018-06-05 Terry Lyons , Weijun Xu

We develop two methods to reconstruct a path of bounded variation from its signature. The first method gives a simple and explicit expression of any axis path in terms of its signature, but it does not apply directlty to more general ones.…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2011-12-05 Terry Lyons , Weijun Xu

The aim of this article is to provide a simple sampling procedure to reconstruct any monotone path from its signature. For every N, we sample a lattice path of N steps with weights given by the coefficient of the corresponding word in the…

Probability · Mathematics 2016-12-15 Jiawei Chang , Nick Duffield , Hao Ni , Weijun Xu

We provide an introduction to the signature method, focusing on its theoretical properties and machine learning applications. Our presentation is divided into two parts. In the first part, we present the definition and fundamental…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-12-29 Ilya Chevyrev , Andrey Kormilitzin

Recently it was proved that the group of rough paths modulo tree-like equivalence is isomorphic to the corresponding signature group through the signature map S (a generalized notion of taking iterated path integrals). However, the proof of…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2017-05-04 Xi Geng

Matrix congruence extends naturally to the setting of tensors. We apply methods from tensor decomposition, algebraic geometry and numerical optimization to this group action. Given a tensor in the orbit of another tensor, we compute a…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2018-11-26 Max Pfeffer , Anna Seigal , Bernd Sturmfels

The signature of a path is a sequence of tensors whose entries are iterated integrals, playing a key role in stochastic analysis and applications. The set of all signature tensors at a particular level gives rise to the universal signature…

Representation Theory · Mathematics 2024-12-10 Carlos Améndola , Francesco Galuppi , Ángel David Ríos Ortiz , Pierpaola Santarsiero , Tim Seynnaeve

Central to rough path theory is the signature transform of a path, an infinite series of tensors given by the iterated integrals of the underlying path. The signature poses an effective way to capture sequentially ordered information,…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-12-18 Daniil Shmelev , Cristopher Salvi

Sequential and temporal data arise in many fields of research, such as quantitative finance, medicine, or computer vision. A novel approach for sequential learning, called the signature method and rooted in rough path theory, is considered.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-12-10 Adeline Fermanian

The sequential data observed in earth science can be regarded as paths in multidimensional space. To read the path effectively, it is useful to convert it into a sequence of numbers called the signature, which can faithfully describe the…

Geophysics · Physics 2022-04-05 Nozomi Sugiura

The signature transform is a 'universal nonlinearity' on the space of continuous vector-valued paths, and has received attention for use in machine learning on time series. However, real-world temporal data is typically observed at discrete…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-09 Michael Moor , Max Horn , Christian Bock , Karsten Borgwardt , Bastian Rieck

The signature of a rectifiable path is a tensor series in the tensor algebra whose coefficients are definite iterated integrals of the path. The signature characterises the path up to a generalised form of reparametrisation. It is a…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2023-05-31 Peter K. Friz , Terry Lyons , Anna Seigal

The signature of a path is an essential object in the theory of rough paths. The signature representation of the data stream can recover standard statistics, e.g. the moments of the data stream. The classification of random walks indicates…

Other Statistics · Statistics 2015-09-14 Hao Ni

We provide an introduction to the topic of path signatures as means of feature extraction for machine learning from data streams. The article stresses the mathematical theory underlying the signature methodology, highlighting the conceptual…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Stephan Sturm

The signature transform, defined by the formal tensor series of global iterated path integrals, is a homomorphism between the path space and the tensor algebra that has been studied in geometry, control theory, number theory as well as…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2022-11-09 Horatio Boedihardjo , Xi Geng

We present a new algorithm for recovering paths from their third-order signature tensors, an inverse problem in rough analysis. Our algorithm provides the exact solution to this learning problem and improves upon current approaches by an…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2025-12-17 Leonard Schmitz

We introduce a signature inversion scheme for $C^1$-axial linear curves which are widely used in various areas. We show that in the presence of a linear coordinate function, the derivatives of the underlying curve at any point $x$ can be…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2026-03-17 Chong Liu , Shi Wang

Signatures provide a succinct description of certain features of paths in a reparametrization invariant way. We propose a method for classifying shapes based on signatures, and compare it to current approaches based on the SRV transform and…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2020-01-15 Elena Celledoni , Pål Erik Lystad , Nikolas Tapia

The signature of a path is a sequence of tensors which allows to uniquely reconstruct the path. By employing the geometric theory of nonlinear systems of ordinary differential equations, we find necessary and sufficient algebraic conditions…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2025-05-20 Francesco Galuppi , Giovanni Moreno , Pierpaola Santarsiero
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