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We formulate a numerical method for predicting the tensorial linear response of a rigid, asymmetrically charged body to an applied electric field. This prediction requires calculating the response of the fluid to the Stokes drag forces on…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2017-12-21 Aaron J. Mowitz , T. A. Witten

We develop a general hydrodynamic theory describing a system of interacting actively propelling particles of arbitrary shape suspended in a viscous fluid. We model the active part of the particle motion using a slip velocity prescribed on…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2019-01-15 Bhargav Rallabandi , Fan Yang , Howard A. Stone

Active particles disturb the fluid around them as force dipoles, or stresslets, which govern their collective dynamics. Unlike swimming speeds, the stresslets of active particles are rarely determined due to the lack of a suitable…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2019-02-15 Eric Lauga , Sebastien Michelin

We study the hydrodynamic coupling between particles and solid, rough boundaries characterized by random surface textures. Using the Lorentz reciprocal theorem, we derive analytical expressions for the grand mobility tensor of a spherical…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2020-08-27 Christina Kurzthaler , Lailai Zhu , Amir A. Pahlavan , Howard A. Stone

A double-layer integral equation for the surface tractions on a body moving in a viscous fluid is derived which allows for the incorporation of a background flow and/or the presence of a plane wall. The Lorentz reciprocal theorem is used to…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2017-02-01 William H. Mitchell , Saverio E. Spagnolie

Sedimentation is extremely common in nature, occurring throughout the atmosphere and oceans, and in every laboratory centrifuge. The shape and mass distribution of a particle uniquely determines its motion at low Reynolds number, and…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2026-03-03 Wenting Cheng , Tiago Pernambuco , Thomas A. Witten , Haim Diamant , Justin C. Burton

Predicting how a deformable body moves and deforms in a viscous flow underlies problems ranging from microorganism locomotion to soft microrobotics, yet existing frameworks are either problem-specific or ill-suited to inverse design. We…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2026-05-25 Christophe Eloy

The dynamics of self-propelled colloidal particles are strongly influenced by their environment through hydrodynamic and, in many cases, chemical interactions. We develop a theoretical framework to describe the motion of confined active…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2025-08-29 Günther Turk , Rajesh Singh , Howard A. Stone

We theoretically study the self-propulsion of a thin (slender) colloid driven by asymmetric chemical reactions on its surface at vanishing Reynolds number. Using the method of matched asymptotic expansions, we obtain the colloid…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2018-03-21 Yahaya Ibrahim , Ramin Golestanian , Tanniemola B. Liverpool

Asymmetrically charged, nonspherical colloidal particles in general perform complex rotations and oblique motions under an electric field. The interplay of electrostatic and hydrodynamic forces complicate the prediction of these motions. We…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2020-07-01 Lara Braverman , Aaron Mowitz , Thomas A. Witten

Due to the kinematic reversibility of Stokes flow, a body executing a reciprocal motion (a motion in which the sequence of body configurations remains identical under time reversal) cannot propel itself in a viscous fluid in the limit of…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2009-04-30 David Gonzalez-Rodriguez , Eric Lauga

We provide exact solutions of the Stokes equations for a squirming sphere close to a no-slip surface, both planar and spherical, and for the interactions between two squirmers, in three dimensions. These allow the hydrodynamic interactions…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2017-04-05 Dario Papavassiliou , Gareth P. Alexander

We use a hydrodynamic reciprocal approach to phoretic motion to derive general expressions for the electrophoretic and thermophoretic mobility of weakly charged colloids in aqueous electrolyte solutions. Our approach shows that phoretic…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2018-10-08 Jérôme Burelbach , Holger Stark

This review treats asymmetric colloidal particles moving through their host fluid under the action of some form of propulsion. The propulsion can come from an external body force or from external shear flow. It may also come from…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2020-09-14 Thomas A. Witten , Haim Diamant

We present a complete reciprocal description of particle motion inside multi-component fluids that extends the conventional Onsager formulation of non-equilibrium transport to systems where the thermodynamic forces are non-uniform on the…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2019-05-01 Jérôme Burelbach

We study the dynamical properties of an active particle subject to a swimming speed explicitly depending on the particle position. The oscillating spatial profile of the swim velocity considered in this paper takes inspiration from…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2022-03-15 Lorenzo Caprini , Umberto Marini Bettolo Marconi , René Wittmann , Hartmut Löwen

We study the two-dimensional motion of a self-propelling asymmetric bent rod. By employing slender body theory and the Lorentz reciprocal theorem, we determine particle trajectories for different geometric configurations and arbitrary…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2022-10-21 Arkava Ganguly , Ankur Gupta

The use of the reciprocal theorem has been shown to be a powerful tool to obtain the swimming velocity of bodies at low Reynolds number. The use of this method for lower-dimensional swimmers, such as cylinders and sheets, is more…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2015-11-10 Gwynn J. Elfring

In swimming microorganisms and the cell cytoskeleton, inextensible fibers resist bending and twisting, and interact with the surrounding fluid to cause or resist large-scale fluid motion. In this paper, we develop a novel numerical method…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-04-11 Ondrej Maxian , Brennan Sprinkle , Charles S. Peskin , Aleksandar Donev

Non-equilibrium dynamics of topological defects can be used as a fundamental propulsion mechanism in microscopic active matter. Here, we demonstrate swimming of topological defect-propelled colloidal particles in (passive) nematic fluids…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2021-09-30 Tianyi Yao , Žiga Kos , Yimin Luo , Edward B. Steager , Miha Ravnik , Kathleen J. Stebe
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