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Let $G$ be a graph with a spanning subgraph $F$, let $m$ be a positive integer, and let $f$ be a positive integer-valued function on $V(G)$. In this paper, we show that if for all $S\subseteq V(G)$, $$\Omega_m(G\setminus S)\le \sum_{v\in…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-08-23 Morteza Hasanvand

We consider the number of spanning trees in circulant graphs of $\beta n$ vertices with generators depending linearly on $n$. The matrix tree theorem gives a closed formula of $\beta n$ factors, while we derive a formula of $\beta-1$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-07-28 Justine Louis

We present a new characterization of $k$-trees based on their reduced clique graphs and $(k+1)$-line graphs, which are block graphs. We explore structural properties of these two classes, showing that the number of clique-trees of a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-02-17 Lilian Markenzon , Allana S. S. Oliveira , Cybele T. M. Vinagre

We present a determinantal formula for the number of spanning trees of a complete multipartite graph containing a given spanning forest $F$. Our approach relies on the Generalized Matrix Determinant Lemma and Jacobi's formula for the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-02-04 Wei Wang , Jun Ge

A spanning tree of a graph is a connected subgraph on all vertices with the minimum number of edges. The number of spanning trees in a graph $G$ is given by Matrix Tree Theorem in terms of principal minors of Laplacian matrix of $G$. We…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-05-15 Keivan Hassani Monfared , Sudipta Mallik

Cayley's formula states that there are $n^{n-2}$ spanning trees in the complete graph on $n$ vertices; it has been proved in more than a dozen different ways over its 150 year history. The complete graphs are a special case of threshold…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-01-09 Stephen R. Chestnut , Donniell E. Fishkind

Let $G$ be a graph and let $f$ be a positive integer-valued function on $V(G)$. In this paper, we show that if for all $S\subseteq V(G)$, $\omega(G\setminus S)<\sum_{v\in S}(f(v)-2)+2+\omega(G[S])$, then $G$ has a spanning tree $T$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-05-10 Morteza Hasanvand

The weighted spanning tree enumerator of a graph $G$ with weighted edges is the sum of the products of edge weights over all the spanning trees in $G$. In the special case that all of the edge weights equal $1$, the weighted spanning tree…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-09-04 Steven Klee , Matthew T. Stamps

A tree with at most k leaves is called k-ended tree, and a tree with exactly k leaves is called k-end tree, where a leaf is a vertex of degree one. Contraction of a graph G along the edge e means deleting the edge e and identifying its end…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-12-30 Hamed Ghasemian Zoeram

We compute the total number of spanning trees for the generalized cone of the complete graph $K_n$ and a number of families of some modified bipartite graphs $K_{m,n}$. In particular, we obtain a new method of finding the number of spanning…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-11-06 Zubeyir Cinkir

Consider a connected graph $G$ and let $T$ be a spanning tree of $G$. Every edge $e \in G-T$ induces a cycle in $T \cup \{e\}$. The intersection of two distinct such cycles is the set of edges of $T$ that belong to both cycles. We consider…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2024-04-23 Manuel Dubinsky , César Massri , Gabriel Taubin

We prove the following sharp estimate for the number of spanning trees of a graph in terms of its vertex-degrees: a simple graph $G$ on $n$ vertices has at most $(1/n^{2}) \prod_{v \in V(G)} (d(v)+1)$ spanning trees. This result is tight…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-04-14 Steven Klee , Bhargav Narayanan , Lisa Sauermann

A vertex of degree one in a tree is called an end vertex and a vertex of degree at least three is called a branch vertex. For a graph $G$, let $\sigma_2$ be the minimum degree sum of two nonadjacent vertices in $G$. We consider tree…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-05-19 Zhora Nikoghosyan

In this paper, we introduce two families of planar and self-similar graphs which have small-world properties. The constructed models are based on an iterative process where each step of a certain formulation of modules results in a final…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-04-19 Muhammed Alaa Morsy , Mohamed Anwar , Abdallah Aboutahoun

For a connected labelled graph $G$, a {\em spanning tree} $T$ is a connected and an acyclic subgraph that spans all vertices of $G$. In this paper, we consider a classical combinatorial problem which is to list all spanning trees of $G$. A…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2016-07-21 K. Krishna Mohan Reddy , P. Renjith , N. Sadagopan

In this paper algebraic and combinatorial properties and a computation of the number of the spanning trees are developed for certain graphs. To this purpose, an original method, independent of the spectrum of the Laplacian matrix associated…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-04-01 Maurizio Imbesi , Monica La Barbiera , Santo Saraceno

A bi-Cayley graph over the cyclic group $(\mathbb{Z}_n, +)$ is called a bicirculant graph. Let $\Gamma=BC(\mathbb{Z}_n; R,T,S)$ be a bicirculant graph with $R=-R\subseteq \mathbb{Z}_n\setminus \{0\}$ and $T={-}T\subseteq…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-12-23 Jing Yang , Lihua Feng , Rongrong Lu , Tingzeng Wu

We classify connected spanning convex subgraphs of the square cycles. We then show that every spanning tree of $C_n^2$ is contained in a unique nontrivial connected spanning convex subgraph of $C_n^2$. As a result, we obtain a purely…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-02-21 Akihiro Munemasa , Yuuho Tanaka

A spanning tree $T$ of a connected graph $G$ is a subgraph of $G$ that is a tree covers all vertices of $G$. The leaf distance of $T$ is defined as the minimum of distances between any two leaves of $T$. A fractional matching of a graph $G$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-07-16 Sizhong Zhou

Let $G_1$ and $G_2$ be simple graphs and let $n_1 = |V(G_1)|$, $m_1 = |E(G_1)|$, $n_2 = |V(G_2)|$ and $m_2 = |E(G_2)|.$ In this paper we derive sharp upper and lower bounds for the number of spanning trees $\tau$ in the Cartesian product…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-10-24 Jernej Azarija