English
Related papers

Related papers: An Inductive Synthesis Framework for Verifiable Re…

200 papers

Neural networks are ubiquitous. However, they are often sensitive to small input changes. Hence, to prevent unexpected behavior in safety-critical applications, their formal verification -- a notoriously hard problem -- is necessary. Many…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Lukas Koller , Tobias Ladner , Matthias Althoff

In recent years, Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) has emerged as an effective approach to solving real-world tasks. However, despite their successes, DRL-based policies suffer from poor reliability, which limits their deployment in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-24 Davide Corsi , Guy Amir , Andoni Rodriguez , Cesar Sanchez , Guy Katz , Roy Fox

Deep neural networks (DNNs) are increasingly being employed in safety-critical systems, and there is an urgent need to guarantee their correctness. Consequently, the verification community has devised multiple techniques and tools for…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2022-08-30 Omri Isac , Clark Barrett , Min Zhang , Guy Katz

The automation of robotic tasks requires high precision and adaptability, particularly in force-based operations such as insertions. Traditional learning-based approaches either rely on static datasets, which limit their ability to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-22 Zebin Duan , Frederik Hagelskjær , Aljaz Kramberger , Juan Heredia , Norbert Krüger

The integration of machine learning (ML) into cyber-physical systems (CPS) offers significant benefits, including enhanced efficiency, predictive capabilities, real-time responsiveness, and the enabling of autonomous operations. This…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-05-17 Xi Zheng , Aloysius K. Mok , Ruzica Piskac , Yong Jae Lee , Bhaskar Krishnamachari , Dakai Zhu , Oleg Sokolsky , Insup Lee

Reliable verifiable data has become a key driver of capability gains in modern language models, enabling stable reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards and effective distillation that transfers competence across math, coding, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-22 He Du , Bowen Li , Aijun Yang , Siyang He , Qipeng Guo , Dacheng Tao

The increasing adoption of Reinforcement Learning in safety-critical systems domains such as autonomous vehicles, health, and aviation raises the need for ensuring their safety. Existing safety mechanisms such as adversarial training,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-11 Paulina Stevia Nouwou Mindom , Amin Nikanjam , Foutse Khomh , John Mullins

One major drawback of deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for use in safety critical applications is their black-box nature. This makes it hard to verify or monitor complex, symbolic requirements on already trained computer vision…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-15 Gesina Schwalbe , Christian Wirth , Ute Schmid

Formal methods apply algorithms based on mathematical principles to enhance the reliability of systems. It would only be natural to try to progress from verification, model checking or testing a system against its formal specification into…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2014-02-28 Gal Katz , Doron Peled

The quality and correct functioning of software components embedded in electronic systems are of utmost concern especially for safety and mission-critical systems. Model-based testing and formal verification techniques can be employed to…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2019-01-08 Shahbaz Ali , Hailong Sun , Yongwang Zhao

Deep learning has emerged as an effective approach for creating modern software systems, with neural networks often surpassing hand-crafted systems. Unfortunately, neural networks are known to suffer from various safety and security issues.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-19 Guy Amir , Haoze Wu , Clark Barrett , Guy Katz

Deep Neural Network-based systems are now the state-of-the-art in many robotics tasks, but their application in safety-critical domains remains dangerous without formal guarantees on network robustness. Small perturbations to sensor inputs…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-03-10 Björn Lütjens , Michael Everett , Jonathan P. How

Trustworthy verifiers are essential for the success of reinforcement learning with verifiable reward (RLVR), which is the core methodology behind various large reasoning models such as DeepSeek-R1. In complex domains like mathematical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Yuzhen Huang , Weihao Zeng , Xingshan Zeng , Qi Zhu , Junxian He

Reinforcement learning policies are typically represented by black-box neural networks, which are non-interpretable and not well-suited for safety-critical domains. To address both of these issues, we propose constrained normalizing flow…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-03 Finn Rietz , Erik Schaffernicht , Stefan Heinrich , Johannes A. Stork

Neural network verifiers aim to provide formal guarantees on model behavior, but existing verification benchmarks are fundamentally limited by their lack of ground-truth labels. As a result, verifier evaluation relies on indirect…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 David Troxell , Yulia Alexandr , Sofia Hunt , Stephanie Lei , Guido Montúfar

Although an ever-growing number of applications employ deep learning based systems for prediction, decision-making, or state estimation, almost no certification processes have been established that would allow such systems to be deployed in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-25 Romeo Valentin

Extensive research on formal verification of machine learning (ML) systems indicates that learning from data alone often fails to capture underlying background knowledge. A variety of verifiers have been developed to ensure that a…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-11-17 Thomas Flinkow , Barak A. Pearlmutter , Rosemary Monahan

Synthesizing user-intended programs from a small number of input-output examples is a challenging problem with several important applications like spreadsheet manipulation, data wrangling and code refactoring. Existing synthesis systems…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-09-17 Ashwin Kalyan , Abhishek Mohta , Oleksandr Polozov , Dhruv Batra , Prateek Jain , Sumit Gulwani

Algorithmic verification of realistic systems to satisfy safety and other temporal requirements has suffered from poor scalability of the employed formal approaches. To design systems with rigorous guarantees, many approaches still rely on…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-03-18 Oliver Schön , Zhengang Zhong , Sadegh Soudjani

There has been significant recent interest in devising verification techniques for learning-enabled controllers (LECs) that manage safety-critical systems. Given the opacity and lack of interpretability of the neural policies that govern…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-10-12 Zikang Xiong , Suresh Jagannathan