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This is the second in a series of articles aimed at exploring the relationship between the complexity classes of P and NP. The research in this article aims to find conditions of an algorithmic nature that are necessary and sufficient to…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Stepan G. Margaryan

We make the case for neural network objects and extend an already existing neural network calculus explained in detail in Chapter 2 on \cite{bigbook}. Our aim will be to show that, yes, indeed, it makes sense to talk about neural network…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-05 Shakil Rafi , Joshua Lee Padgett , Ukash Nakarmi

We introduce a new notion of complexity of functions and we show that it has the following properties: (i) it governs a PAC Bayes-like generalization bound, (ii) for neural networks it relates to natural notions of complexity of functions…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-15 Grzegorz Głuch , Rudiger Urbanke

We extend the work of Narasimhan and Bilmes [30] for minimizing set functions representable as a difference between submodular functions. Similar to [30], our new algorithms are guaranteed to monotonically reduce the objective function at…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2013-08-27 Rishabh Iyer , Jeff Bilmes

In this paper we discuss approximation of partially smooth functions. The problem arises naturally in the study of laminated currents.

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2015-06-26 John Fornaess , Yinxia Wang , Erlend Fornaess Wold

We consider active, semi-supervised learning in an offline transductive setting. We show that a previously proposed error bound for active learning on undirected weighted graphs can be generalized by replacing graph cut with an arbitrary…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2012-02-20 Andrew Guillory , Jeff A. Bilmes

We investigate the complexity of deep neural networks through the lens of functional equivalence, which posits that different parameterizations can yield the same network function. Leveraging the equivalence property, we present a novel…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-17 Guohao Shen

We say that a function is rare-case hard against a given class of algorithms (the adversary) if all algorithms in the class can compute the function only on an $o(1)$-fraction of instances of size $n$ for large enough $n$. Starting from any…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Tejas Nareddy , Abhishek Mishra

We investigate a more generalized form of submodular maximization, referred to as $k$-submodular maximization, with applications across social networks and machine learning domains. In this work, we propose the multilinear extension of…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-09-13 Lingxiao Huang , Baoxiang Wang , Huanjian Zhou

We consider extension variants of the classical graph problems Vertex Cover and Independent Set. Given a graph $G=(V,E)$ and a vertex set $U \subseteq V$, it is asked if there exists a minimal vertex cover (resp.\ maximal independent set)…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2018-10-12 Katrin Casel , Henning Fernau , Mehdi Khosravian Ghadikolaei , Jérôme Monnot , Florian Sikora

Recent years have witnessed a hot wave of deep neural networks in various domains; however, it is not yet well understood theoretically. A theoretical characterization of deep neural networks should point out their approximation ability and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-28 Gao Zhang , Jin-Hui Wu , Shao-Qun Zhang

We develop a rigorous framework for extending neural operators to handle out-of-distribution input functions. We leverage kernel approximation techniques and provide theory for characterizing the input-output function spaces in terms of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Blaine Quackenbush , Paul J. Atzberger

Let $\Omega\subset \mathbb C^n$ be a bounded domain, and let $f$ be a real-valued function defined on the whole topological boundary $\partial \Omega$. The aim of this paper is to find a characterization of the functions $f$ which can be…

Complex Variables · Mathematics 2018-08-30 Per Ahag , Rafal Czyz , Lisa Hed

This article addresses structure-preserving smooth approximation of semiconcave functions. semiconcave functions are of particular interest because they naturally arise in a variety of variational problems, including {optimal feedback…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-02-10 Karl Kunisch , Donato Vásquez-Varas

Upper semicontinuous (usc) functions arise in the analysis of maximization problems, distributionally robust optimization, and function identification, which includes many problems of nonparametric statistics. We establish that every usc…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-07-09 Johannes O. Royset

Continual learning for large language models is typically evaluated through accuracy retention under sequential fine-tuning. We argue that this perspective is incomplete, because uncertainty reliability can degrade earlier and more sharply…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Ibne Farabi Shihab , Sanjeda Akter , Anuj Sharma

Submodular functions and variants, through their ability to characterize diversity and coverage, have emerged as a key tool for data selection and summarization. Many recent approaches to learn submodular functions suffer from limited…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-21 Abir De , Soumen Chakrabarti

This paper investigates the computational complexity of reinforcement learning in a novel linear function approximation regime, termed partial $q^{\pi}$-realizability. In this framework, the objective is to learn an $\epsilon$-optimal…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Shayan Karimi , Xiaoqi Tan

We define a new class of set functions that in addition to being monotone and subadditive, also admit a very limited form of submodularity defined over a permutation of the ground set. We refer to this permutation as a submodular order.…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-03-01 Rajan Udwani

We study the problem of maximizing a monotone submodular function with viability constraints. This problem originates from computational biology, where we are given a phylogenetic tree over a set of species and a directed graph, the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-11-18 Wolfgang Dvořák , Monika Henzinger , David P. Williamson