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We study inference with a small labeled sample, a large unlabeled sample, and high-quality predictions from an external model. We link prediction-powered inference with empirical likelihood by stacking supervised estimating equations based…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-12-19 Guanghui Wang , Mengtao Wen , Changliang Zou

Several techniques exist to assess and reduce nonresponse bias, including propensity models, calibration methods, or post-stratification. These approaches can only be applied after the data collection, and assume reliable information…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-05-26 Blanka Szeitl , Tamás Rudas

In clinical settings, we often face the challenge of building prediction models based on small observational data sets. For example, such a data set might be from a medical center in a multi-center study. Differences between centers might…

This work considers an estimation task in compressive sensing, where the goal is to estimate an unknown signal from compressive measurements that are corrupted by additive pre-measurement noise (interference, or clutter) as well as…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2013-11-25 Swayambhoo Jain , Akshay Soni , Jarvis Haupt

Methods to detect the emergence of infectious diseases, and approach to the "critical transition" RE = 1, have to potential to avert substantial disease burden by facilitating preemptive actions like vaccination campaigns. Early warning…

Other Quantitative Biology · Quantitative Biology 2025-04-16 Callum R. K. Arnold , Matthew J. Ferrari

Background: Clinical prediction models are increasingly used to inform healthcare decisions, but determining the minimum sample size for their development remains a critical and unresolved challenge. Inadequate sample sizes can lead to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Diana Shamsutdinova , Felix Zimmer , Oyebayo Ridwan Olaniran , Sarah Markham , Daniel Stahl , Gordon Forbes , Ewan Carr

Small area ecological studies are commonly used in epidemiology to assess the impact of area level risk factors on health outcomes when data are only available in an aggregated form. However the resulting estimates are often biased due to…

Applications · Statistics 2017-01-19 Yingbo Wang , Sylvia Richardson , Anna Hansell , Marta Blangiardo

Uncertainty in probabilistic classifiers predictions is a key concern when models are used to support human decision making, in broader probabilistic pipelines or when sensitive automatic decisions have to be taken. Studies have shown that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-09 Nicolas Posocco , Antoine Bonnefoy

New results suggest strong limits to the feasibility of classifying human brain activity evoked from image stimuli, as measured through EEG. Considerable prior work suffers from a confound between the stimulus class and the time since the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-04-14 Hamad Ahmed , Ronnie B Wilbur , Hari M Bharadwaj , Jeffrey Mark Siskind

We consider Empirical Bayes (EB) estimation in the normal means problem, when the standard deviations of the observations are not known precisely, but estimated with error -- which is almost always the case in practical applications. In…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-01-31 Mengyin Lu , Matthew Stephens

The prior distribution for the unknown model parameters plays a crucial role in the process of statistical inference based on Bayesian methods. However, specifying suitable priors is often difficult even when detailed prior knowledge is…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-03-18 Marcelo Hartmann , Georgi Agiashvili , Paul Bürkner , Arto Klami

Evaluating machine learning models is crucial not only for determining their technical accuracy but also for assessing their potential societal implications. While the potential for low-sample-size bias in algorithms is well known, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-08 Jarren Briscoe , Garrett Kepler , Daryl Deford , Assefaw Gebremedhin

The choice of sample size in the context of co-primary endpoints for a randomised trial is discussed. Current guidance can leave endpoints with unequal marginal power. A method is provided to achieve equal marginal power by using the…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-02-23 Simon Bond

We study sequential multiple testing with independent data streams, where the goal is to identify an unknown subset of signals while controlling commonly used error metrics, including generalized familywise rates and false discovery and…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-03-06 Jingyu Liu , Yanglei Song

We study the convergence rates of empirical Bayes posterior distributions for nonparametric and high-dimensional inference. We show that as long as the hyperparameter set is discrete, the empirical Bayes posterior distribution induced by…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-09-10 Fengshuo Zhang , Chao Gao

Supervised deep-embedding methods project inputs of a domain to a representational space in which same-class instances lie near one another and different-class instances lie far apart. We propose a probabilistic method that treats…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-09-27 Tyler R. Scott , Karl Ridgeway , Michael C. Mozer

When using complex Bayesian models to combine information, the checking for consistency of the information being combined is good statistical practice. Here a new method is developed for detecting prior-data conflicts in Bayesian models…

Methodology · Statistics 2016-11-29 David J. Nott , Xueou Wang , Michael Evans , Berthold-Georg Englert

We introduce Selective Greedy Equivalence Search (SGES), a restricted version of Greedy Equivalence Search (GES). SGES retains the asymptotic correctness of GES but, unlike GES, has polynomial performance guarantees. In particular, we show…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-06-09 David Maxwell Chickering , Christopher Meek

For many applications, an ensemble of base classifiers is an effective solution. The tuning of its parameters(number of classes, amount of data on which each classifier is to be trained on, etc.) requires G, the generalization error of a…

Contemporary Epidemiological Surveillance (ES) relies heavily on data analytics. These analytics are critical input for pandemics preparedness networks; however, this input is not integrated into a form suitable for decision makers or…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-08-11 Svetlana Yanushkevich , Vlad Shmerko