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We introduce a class of unconditionally energy stable, high order accurate schemes for gradient flows in a very general setting. The new schemes are a high order analogue of the minimizing movements approach for generating a time discrete…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2020-02-11 Alexander Zaitzeff , Selim Esedoglu , Krishna Garikipati

We have developed an efficient and unconditionally energy-stable method for simulating droplet formation dynamics. Our approach involves a novel time-marching scheme based on the scalar auxiliary variable technique, specifically designed…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-02-08 Jinpeng Zhang , Changjuan Zhang , Xiaoping Wang

We construct and analyze first- and second-order implicit-explicit (IMEX) schemes based on the scalar auxiliary variable (SAV) approach for the magneto-hydrodynamic equations. These schemes are linear, only require solving a sequence of…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-04-02 Xiaoli Li , Weilong Wang , Jie Shen

The kinetic Langevin dynamics finds diverse applications in various disciplines such as molecular dynamics and Hamiltonian Monte Carlo sampling. In this paper, a novel splitting scalar auxiliary variable (SSAV) scheme is proposed for the…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-09-05 Lei Dai , Yingsong Jiang , Xiaojie Wang

In this paper, we construct and analyze an energy stable scheme by combining the latest developed scalar auxiliary variable (SAV) approach and linear finite element method (FEM) for phase field crystal (PFC) model, and show rigorously that…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2019-10-15 Liupeng Wang , Yunqing Huang , Kai Jiang

We propose an energy-optimized invariant energy quadratization method to solve the gradient flow models in this paper, which requires only one linear energy-optimized step to correct the auxiliary variables on each time step. In addition to…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-04-03 Xiaoqing Meng , Aijie Cheng , Zhengguang Liu

In this paper, we construct novel first- and second-order decoupled schemes for the Navier-Stokes equations based on the penalty method and the sequential regularization method (SRM), respectively. These schemes do not require the boundary…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-03-30 Zhaoyang Wang , Ping Lin

We present error estimates for four unconditionally energy stable numerical schemes developed for solving Allen-Cahn equations with nonlocal constraints. The schemes are linear and second order in time and space, designed based on the…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2018-10-23 Shouwen Sun , Xiaobo Jing , Qi Wang

In this paper we propose and analyze a second order accurate (in time) numerical scheme for the square phase field crystal (SPFC) equation, a gradient flow modeling crystal dynamics at the atomic scale in space but on diffusive scales in…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-01-01 Min Wang , Qiumei Huang , Cheng Wang

Split form schemes for Euler and Navier-Stokes equations are useful for computation of turbulent flows due to their better robustness. This is because they satisfy additional conservation properties of the governing equations like kinetic…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-05-03 Vikram Singh , Praveen Chandrashekar

The existing discrete variational derivative method is only second-order accurate and fully implicit. In this paper, we propose a framework to construct an arbitrary high-order implicit (original) energy stable scheme and a second-order…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-10-24 Jizu Huang

Consistent splitting schemes are among the most accurate pressure segregation methods, incurring no splitting errors or spurious boundary conditions. Nevertheless, their theoretical properties are not yet fully understood, especially when…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-03-27 Douglas R. Q. Pacheco

We consider fully discrete schemes based on the scalar auxiliary variable (SAV) approach and stabilized SAV approach in time and the Fourier-spectral method in space for the phase field crystal (PFC) equation. Unconditionally energy…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2019-07-18 Xiaoli Li , Jie Shen

In this paper, we propose a novel Lagrange Multiplier approach, named zero-factor (ZF) approach to solve a series of gradient flow problems. The numerical schemes based on the new algorithm are unconditionally energy stable with the…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-04-03 Zhengguang Liu , Xiaoli Li

We propose a novel second-order accurate, long-time unconditionally stable time-marching scheme for the forced Navier-Stokes equations. A new Forced Scalar Auxiliary Variable approach (FSAV) is introduced to preserve the underlying…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-10-10 Daozhi Han , Xiaoming Wang

The hydrostatic equilibrium state is the consequence of the exact hydrostatic balance between hydrostatic pressure and external force. Standard finite volume or finite difference schemes cannot keep this balance exactly due to their…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2020-08-26 Songze Chen , Zhaoli Guo , Kun Xu

In this paper, we present two multiple scalar auxiliary variable (MSAV)-based, finite element numerical schemes for the Abels-Garcke-Gr{\"u}n (AGG) model, which is a thermodynamically consistent phase field model of two-phase incompressible…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-08-09 Jiancheng Wang , Maojun Li , Cheng Wang

We introduce a class of high order accurate, semi-implicit Runge-Kutta schemes in the general setting of evolution equations that arise as gradient flow for a cost function, possibly with respect to an inner product that depends on the…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-10-04 Alexander Zaitzeff , Selim Esedoglu , Krishna Garikipati

Optimizing the learning rate remains a critical challenge in machine learning, essential for achieving model stability and efficient convergence. The Vector Auxiliary Variable (VAV) algorithm introduces a novel energy-based self-adjustable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Jiahao Zhang , Christian Moya , Guang Lin

For a class of fourth order gradient flow problems, integration of the scalar auxiliary variable (SAV) time discretization with the penalty-free discontinuous Galerkin (DG) spatial discretization leads to SAV-DG schemes. These schemes are…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2020-08-28 Hailiang Liu , Peimeng Yin