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Biologically-inspired computing models have made significant progress in recent years, but the conventional von Neumann architecture is inefficient for the large-scale matrix operations and massive parallelism required by these models. This…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Siqing Fu , Lizhou Wu , Tiejun Li , Chunyuan Zhang , Jianmin Zhang , Sheng Ma

Deep learning is one of the most advancing technologies in various fields. Facing the limits of the current electronics platform, optical neural networks (ONNs) based on Si programmable photonic integrated circuits (PICs) have attracted…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2021-06-29 Shuhei Ohno , Kasidit Toprasertpong , Shinichi Takagi , Mitsuru Takenaka

Ensuring energy-efficient design in neuromorphic computing systems necessitates a tailored architecture combined with algorithmic approaches. This manuscript focuses on enhancing brain-inspired perceptual computing machines through a novel…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-08-15 Ali Shiri Sichani , Sai Kankatala

Neuromorphic computing systems are embracing memristors to implement high density and low power synaptic storage as crossbar arrays in hardware. These systems are energy efficient in executing Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs). We observe that…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-03-11 Twisha Titirsha , Shihao Song , Anup Das , Jeffrey Krichmar , Nikil Dutt , Nagarajan Kandasamy , Francky Catthoor

Neuromorphic computing with non-volatile memory (NVM) can significantly improve performance and lower energy consumption of machine learning tasks implemented using spike-based computations and bio-inspired learning algorithms. High…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-07-07 Shihao Song , Anup Das

The quest for energy-efficient, scalable neuromorphic computing has elevated compute-in-memory (CIM) architectures to the forefront of hardware innovation. While memristive memories have been extensively explored for synaptic implementation…

Materials Science · Physics 2025-08-20 Kapil Bhardwaj , Ella Paasio , Sayani Majumdar

Spiking neural network (SNN), as the third generation of artificial neural networks, has been widely adopted in vision and audio tasks. Nowadays, many neuromorphic platforms support SNN simulation and adopt Network-on-Chips (NoC)…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-04-06 Shiming Li , Shasha Guo , Limeng Zhang , Ziyang Kang , Shiying Wang , Wei Shi , Lei Wang , Weixia Xu

In recent decades, neuromorphic computing aiming to imitate brains' behaviors has been developed in various fields of computer science. The Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is an important concept in Artificial Intelligence (AI). It is…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-10-07 Jiulong Wang , Ruopu Wu , Guokai Chen , Xuhao Chen , Boran Liu , Jixiang Zong , Di Zhao

The authors proposed and computationally analyzed nonvolatile static random access memory (NV-SRAM) architecture using metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) type of spin-transistors referred to as pseudo-spin-MOSFET…

Materials Science · Physics 2009-01-21 Yusuke Shuto , Shuu'ichirou Yamamoto , Satoshi Sugahara

We present a design-scheme for ultra-low power neuromorphic hardware using emerging spin-devices. We propose device models for 'neuron', based on lateral spin valves and domain wall magnets that can operate at ultra-low terminal voltage of…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2012-07-19 Mrigank Sharad , Charles Augustine , Georgios Panagopoulos , Kaushik Roy

As deep neural networks require tremendous amount of computation and memory, analog computing with emerging memory devices is a promising alternative to digital computing for edge devices. However, because of the increasing simulation time…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-21 Chaeun Lee , Seyoung Kim

Compute-in-memory (CIM) accelerators for spiking neural networks (SNNs) are promising solutions to enable $\mu$s-level inference latency and ultra-low energy in edge vision applications. Yet, their current lack of flexibility at both the…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Nicolas Chauvaux , Adrian Kneip , Christoph Posch , Kofi Makinwa , Charlotte Frenkel

This paper focuses on the simulation of multi-die System-on-Chip (SoC) architectures using VisualSim, emphasizing chiplet-based system modeling and performance analysis. Chiplet technology presents a promising alternative to traditional…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Wajid Ali , Ayaz Akram , Deepak Shankar

Bias-scalable analog computing is attractive for implementing machine learning (ML) processors with distinct power-performance specifications. For instance, ML implementations for server workloads are focused on higher computational…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2023-01-05 Pratik Kumar , Ankita Nandi , Shantanu Chakrabartty , Chetan Singh Thakur

The growing popularity of Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) and their applications has led to a significant fast-paced increase of neuromorphic architectures capable of mimicking the spike-based data processing typical of biological neurons.…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Michelangelo Barocci , Vittorio Fra , Enrico Macii , Gianvito Urgese

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) have emerged as a biologically inspired alternative to conventional deep networks, offering event-driven and energy-efficient computation. However, their throughput remains constrained by the serial update of…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Hongyang Shang , Shuai Dong , Yahan Yang , Junyi Yang , Peng Zhou , Arindam Basu

The increasing complexity and energy demands of deep learning models have highlighted the limitations of traditional computing architectures, especially for edge devices with constrained resources. Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) offer a…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Wei-Ting Chen

In analog neuromorphic chips, designers can embed computing primitives in the intrinsic physical properties of devices and circuits, heavily reducing device count and energy consumption, and enabling high parallelism, because all devices…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-31 Tommaso Rizzo , Sebastiano Strangio , Alessandro Catania , Giuseppe Iannaccone

As numerical simulations grow in size and complexity, they become increasingly resource-intensive in terms of time and energy. While specialized hardware accelerators often provide order-of-magnitude gains and are state of the art in other…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-12-04 Hartmut Schmidt , Andreas Grübl , José Montes , Eric Müller , Sebastian Schmitt , Johannes Schemmel

The impressive performance of artificial neural networks has come at the cost of high energy usage and CO$_2$ emissions. Unconventional computing architectures, with magnetic systems as a candidate, have potential as alternative…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2023-03-06 Matthew O. A. Ellis , Alex Welbourne , Stephan J. Kyle , Paul W. Fry , Dan A. Allwood , Thomas J. Hayward , Eleni Vasilaki