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We consider the dichotomy conjecture for consistent query answering under primary key constraints. It states that, for every fixed Boolean conjunctive query q, testing whether q is certain (i.e. whether it evaluates to true over all repairs…
For a word $\pi$ and integer $i$, we define $L^i(\pi)$ to be the length of the longest subsequence of the form $i(i+1)\cdots j$, and we let $L(\pi):=\max_i L^i(\pi)$. In this paper we estimate the expected values of $L^1(\pi)$ and $L(\pi)$…
There are only aleph-zero rational numbers, while there are 2 to the power aleph-zero real numbers. Hence the probability that a randomly chosen real number would be rational is 0. Yet proving rigorously that any specific, natural, real…
The problem of understanding fundamental physical constants was discussed in particle physics, astronomy and cosmology. Here, I show that a new insight comes from condensed matter physics and liquid physics in particular: fundamental…
Astronomical observations have a unique ability to determine the laws of physics at distant times in the universe. They, therefore, have particular relevance in answering the basic question as to whether the laws of physics are invariant…
Recently, A. I. Aptekarev and his collaborators found a sequence of rational approximations to Euler's constant $\gamma$ defined by a third-order homogeneous linear recurrence. In this paper, we give a new interpretation of Aptekarev's…
This paper describes an algorithm for selecting a consistent set within the consistent histories approach to quantum mechanics and investigates its properties. The algorithm select from among the consistent sets formed by projections…
In this paper we consider error sums of the form \[\sum_{m=0}^{\infty} \varepsilon_m\Big( \,b_m\alpha - \frac{a_m}{c_m}\,\Big) \,,\] where $\alpha$ is a real number, $a_m$, $b_m$, $c_m$ are integers, and $\varepsilon_m=1$ or $\varepsilon_m…
We consider some of Jonathan and Peter Borweins' contributions to the high-precision computation of $\pi$ and the elementary functions, with particular reference to their book "Pi and the AGM" (Wiley, 1987). Here "AGM" is the…
By making use of the multiplicate form of the extended Carlitz inverse series relations, we establish two general `dual' theorems of Jackson's summation formula for well--poised $_8\phi_7$-series. Their duplicate forms under the partition…
In this case-study in computer-human collaboration, we develop, implement, and execute symbolic-computational algorithms for the automatic discovery and proof of explicit expressions for the expectation, variance, and higher moments of a…
We propose a numerical test of fundamental physics based on the complexity measure of a general set of functions, which is directly related to the Kolmogorov (or algorithmic) complexity studied in mathematics and computer science. The…
In this paper we present a two-term Machin-like formula for pi \[\frac{\pi}{4} = 2^{k - 1}\arctan\left(\frac{1}{u_1}\right) + \arctan\left(\frac{1}{u_2}\right)\] with small Lehmer's measure $e \approx 0.245319$ and describe iteration…
The main aim of this paper is to further develop the multiple-correction method that formulated in our previous works~\cite{CXY, Cao}. As its applications, we establish a kind of hybrid-type finite continued fraction approximations related…
A contiguous relation for complementry pairs of very well poised balanced ${}_{10}\phi_9$ basic hypergeometric functions is used to derive an explict expression for the associated continued fraction. This generalizes the continued fraction…
The generalized Stieltjes constants $\gamma\_n(v)$ are, up to a simple scaling factor, the Laurent series coefficients of the Hurwitz zeta function $\zeta(s,v)$ about its unique pole $s = 1$. In this work, we devise an efficient algorithm…
In this article, we develop nested representations for cosine and inverse cosine functions, which is a generalization of Vi\`{e}te's formula for $\pi$. We explore a natural inverse relationship between these representations and develop…
Two linear recurrences exhibit mirror symmetry connecting the constants $e$ and $\pi$. When parametrized, their asymptotic connection constants extend to meromorphic functions satisfying additive functional equations with rational…
Consider the triplet $(E, \mathcal{P}, \pi)$, where $E$ is a finite ground set, $\mathcal{P} \subseteq 2^E$ is a collection of subsets of $E$ and $\pi : \mathcal{P} \rightarrow [0,1]$ is a requirement function. Given a vector of marginals…
The goal of this work is to formulate a systematical method for looking for the simple closed form or continued fraction representation of a class of rational series. As applications, we obtain the continued fraction representations for the…