English

The holonomic triangle: from a symmetry between $e$ and $\pi$ to additive Gamma functions

Number Theory 2026-01-09 v1

Abstract

Two linear recurrences exhibit mirror symmetry connecting the constants ee and π\pi. When parametrized, their asymptotic connection constants extend to meromorphic functions satisfying additive functional equations with rational coefficients. We call such functions additive Gamma functions (AGFs), recognizing Euler's Γ(z)\Gamma(z) as the order-1 prototype. Our theory reveals a structural dichotomy: one AGF is expressible as Gamma ratios (regular case), another involves incomplete Gamma (irregular case). AGFs complete a holonomic triangle between P-recursive sequences, additive functional equations, and differential equations, unifying discrete and continuous perspectives under the condition that Gamma factors in asymptotics have integer slopes.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2601.04242,
  title  = {The holonomic triangle: from a symmetry between $e$ and $\pi$ to additive Gamma functions},
  author = {Benoit Cloitre},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2601.04242},
  year   = {2026}
}

Comments

22 pages, 2 figures