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Directly-imaged exoplanets are unexplored laboratories for the application of the spectral and temperature retrieval method, where the chemistry and composition of their atmospheres are inferred from inverse modeling of the available data.…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-16 Jae-Min Lee , Kevin Heng , Patrick G. J. Irwin

Spectroscopy of exoplanetary atmospheres has become a well established method for the characterisation of extrasolar planets. We here present a novel inverse retrieval code for exoplanetary atmospheres. TauRex (Tau Retrieval for Exoplanets)…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-22 Ingo P. Waldmann , Giovanna Tinetti , Marco Rocchetto , Emma J. Barton , Sergey N. Yurchenko , Jonathan Tennyson

A major endeavor of this decade is the direct characterization of young giant exoplanets at high spectral resolution to determine the composition of their atmosphere and infer their formation processes and evolution. Such a goal represents…

Ground-based high-resolution transmission spectroscopy has emerged as a promising technique for detecting chemicals in transiting exoplanetary atmospheres. Despite chemical inferences in several exoplanets and previous robustness studies, a…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-04-19 Connor J. Cheverall , Nikku Madhusudhan , Måns Holmberg

We present new methodological features and physical ingredients included in the 1D radiative transfer code HELIOS, improving the hemispheric two-stream formalism. We conduct a thorough intercomparison survey with several established forward…

High-resolution spectroscopy (R > 25,000) has opened new opportunities to characterize exoplanet atmospheres from the ground. By resolving individual lines in planetary emission and transmission spectra, one can sensitively probe the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-05-30 Ruizhe Wang , Ryan J. MacDonald , Neale P. Gibson , Nikole K. Lewis

The Habitable Worlds Observatory (HWO) offers a unique opportunity to revolutionize our understanding of planetary formation and evolution. The goal of this Science Case Development Document (SCDD) is to investigate the physical and…

Transmission spectroscopy can be used to constrain the properties of exoplanetary atmospheres. During a transit, the light blocked from the atmosphere of the planet leaves an imprint in the light coming from the star. This has been shown…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-05-18 Francesco Borsa , Monica Rainer , Ennio Poretti

The investigation of the atmospheres of closely separated, directly imaged gas giant exoplanets is challenging due to the presence of stellar speckles that pollute their spectrum. To remedy this, the analysis of medium- to high-resolution…

This chapter reviews the current state of observational and theoretical efforts in the characterization of exoplanet atmospheres, with a focus on developments enabled through the Swiss National Centre for Competence in Research (NCCR)…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-13 Daniel Kitzmann , Elspeth K. H. Lee , Jens Hoeijmakers , Kevin Heng

High-resolution spectroscopy (R $\ge$ 20,000) at near-infrared wavelengths can be used to investigate the composition, structure, and circulation patterns of exoplanet atmospheres. However, up to now it has been the exclusive dominion of…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-07-18 M. Brogi , P. Giacobbe , G. Guilluy , R. J. de Kok , A. Sozzetti , L. Mancini , A. S. Bonomo

We analyzed the combined near-infrared spectrum of a star-planet system with thermal emission atmospheric models, based on the composition and physical parameters of the system. The main objective of this work is to obtain the inclination…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-27 Patricio E. Cubillos , Patricio Rojo , Jonathan J. Fortney

High-dispersion coronagraphy (HDC) optimally combines high contrast imaging techniques such as adaptive optics/wavefront control plus coronagraphy to high spectral resolution spectroscopy. HDC is a critical pathway towards fully…

Aims: ARCiS, a novel code for the analysis of exoplanet transmission and emission spectra is presented. The aim of the modelling framework is to provide a tool able to link observations to physical models of exoplanet atmospheres. Methods:…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-10-07 Michiel Min , Chris W. Ormel , Katy Chubb , Christiane Helling , Yui Kawashima

Atmospheric composition provides essential markers of the most fundamental properties of giant exoplanets, such as their formation mechanism or internal structure. New-generation exoplanet imagers, like VLT/SPHERE or Gemini/GPI, have been…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2018-06-29 A. Vigan , G. P. P. L. Otten , E. Muslimov , K. Dohlen , M. W. Phillips , U. Seemann , J. -L. Beuzit , R. Dorn , M. Kasper , D. Mouillet , I. Baraffe , A. Reiners

Studies of atmospheres of directly imaged exoplanets with high-resolution spectrographs have shown that their characterization is predominantly limited by noise on the stellar halo at the location of the studied exoplanet. An instrumental…

Determining the atmospheric structure and chemical composition of an exoplanet remains a formidable goal. Fortunately, advancements in the study of exoplanets and their atmospheres have come in the form of direct imaging - spatially…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2013-03-15 Quinn M. Konopacky , Travis S. Barman , Bruce A. Macintosh , Christian Marois

Transmission spectroscopy is an effective technique for probing exoplanetary atmospheres. While most observations have relied on space facilities such as HST and JWST, ground-based high-resolution transmission spectroscopy (HRTS) has also…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-09-23 Manjunath Bestha , Athira Unni , T. Sivarani , Shivangi Menon , Parvathy M , Arun Surya , Pallavi Saraf , Devika Divakar , Lokesh Manickavasaham

A growing number of directly-imaged companions have been recently characterised, with robust constraints on carbon-to-oxygen ratios and even isotopic ratios. Many companions and isolated targets have also shown spectral variability. In this…