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We introduce SLED, an alternative approach to speech language modeling by encoding speech waveforms into sequences of continuous latent representations and modeling them autoregressively using an energy distance objective. The energy…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Zhengrui Ma , Yang Feng , Chenze Shao , Fandong Meng , Jie Zhou , Min Zhang

Children's speech recognition remains challenging due to substantial acoustic and linguistic variability, limited labeled data, and significant differences from adult speech. Speech foundation models can address these challenges through…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-23 Haolong Zheng , Yekaterina Yegorova , Mark Hasegawa-Johnson

Despite recent advances, Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) systems are still far from perfect. Typical errors include acronyms, named entities, and domain-specific special words for which little or no labeled data is available. To address…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-30 Christian Huber , Alexander Waibel

End-to-End speech-to-speech translation (S2ST) is generally evaluated with text-based metrics. This means that generated speech has to be automatically transcribed, making the evaluation dependent on the availability and quality of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-19 Mingda Chen , Paul-Ambroise Duquenne , Pierre Andrews , Justine Kao , Alexandre Mourachko , Holger Schwenk , Marta R. Costa-jussà

Confidence estimation of predictions from an End-to-End (E2E) Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) model benefits ASR's downstream and upstream tasks. Class-probability-based confidence scores do not accurately represent the quality of…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-01-09 Nagarathna Ravi , Thishyan Raj T , Vipul Arora

In this paper, a neural network named Sequence-to-sequence ConvErsion NeTwork (SCENT) is presented for acoustic modeling in voice conversion. At training stage, a SCENT model is estimated by aligning the feature sequences of source and…

Sound · Computer Science 2020-01-14 Jing-Xuan Zhang , Zhen-Hua Ling , Li-Juan Liu , Yuan Jiang , Li-Rong Dai

Inferring the probability distribution of sentences or word sequences is a key process in natural language processing. While word-level language models (LMs) have been widely adopted for computing the joint probabilities of word sequences,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-03-16 Heewoong Park , Sukhyun Cho , Jonghun Park

Automatic syllable stress detection is a crucial component in Computer-Assisted Language Learning (CALL) systems for language learners. Current stress detection models are typically trained on clean speech, which may not be robust in…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-12-12 Rangavajjala Sankara Bharadwaj , Jhansi Mallela , Sai Harshitha Aluru , Chiranjeevi Yarra

Target speaker extraction (TSE) aims to isolate a specific voice from multiple mixed speakers relying on a registerd sample. Since voiceprint features usually vary greatly, current end-to-end neural networks require large model parameters…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-01-08 Shulin He , Jinjiang liu , Hao Li , Yang Yang , Fei Chen , Xueliang Zhang

Training a high performance end-to-end speech (E2E) processing model requires an enormous amount of labeled speech data, especially in the era of data-centric artificial intelligence. However, labeled speech data are usually scarcer and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-25 Jianqiao Lu , Wenyong Huang , Nianzu Zheng , Xingshan Zeng , Yu Ting Yeung , Xiao Chen

Sentence Boundary Detection (SBD) has been a major research topic since Automatic Speech Recognition transcripts have been used for further Natural Language Processing tasks like Part of Speech Tagging, Question Answering or Automatic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-08-28 Carlos-Emiliano González-Gallardo , Juan-Manuel Torres-Moreno

Language models (LMs) have shown superior performances in various speech generation tasks recently, demonstrating their powerful ability for semantic context modeling. Given the intrinsic similarity between speech generation and speech…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-01-09 Ziqian Wang , Xinfa Zhu , Zihan Zhang , YuanJun Lv , Ning Jiang , Guoqing Zhao , Lei Xie

Pre-trained self-supervised learning (SSL) models have achieved remarkable success in various speech tasks. However, their potential in target speech extraction (TSE) has not been fully exploited. TSE aims to extract the speech of a target…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-02-21 Junyi Peng , Marc Delcroix , Tsubasa Ochiai , Oldrich Plchot , Shoko Araki , Jan Cernocky

We present ESPnet-ST, which is designed for the quick development of speech-to-speech translation systems in a single framework. ESPnet-ST is a new project inside end-to-end speech processing toolkit, ESPnet, which integrates or newly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-01 Hirofumi Inaguma , Shun Kiyono , Kevin Duh , Shigeki Karita , Nelson Enrique Yalta Soplin , Tomoki Hayashi , Shinji Watanabe

This paper reports our work on building up a Cantonese Speech-to-Text (STT) system with a syllable based acoustic model. This is a part of an effort in building a STT system to aid dyslexic students who have cognitive deficiency in writing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-15 Timothy Wong , Claire Li , Sam Lam , Billy Chiu , Qin Lu , Minglei Li , Dan Xiong , Roy Shing Yu , Vincent T. Y. Ng

Personalized speech enhancement (PSE) methods typically rely on pre-trained speaker verification models or self-designed speaker encoders to extract target speaker clues, guiding the PSE model in isolating the desired speech. However, these…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-22 Ziling Huang , Haixin Guan , Haoran Wei , Yanhua Long

The text-based speech editor allows the editing of speech through intuitive cutting, copying, and pasting operations to speed up the process of editing speech. However, the major drawback of current systems is that edited speech often…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-03-23 Tao Wang , Jiangyan Yi , Ruibo Fu , Jianhua Tao , Zhengqi Wen

Speech Language Models (SLMs) have recently emerged as a unified paradigm for addressing a wide range of speech-related tasks, including text-to-speech (TTS), speech enhancement (SE), and automatic speech recognition (ASR). However, the…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Yiwen Zhao , Jiatong Shi , Jinchuan Tian , Yuxun Tang , Jiarui Hai , Jionghao Han , Shinji Watanabe

Recent state-of-the-art natural language understanding models, such as BERT and XLNet, score a pair of sentences (A and B) using multiple cross-attention operations - a process in which each word in sentence A attends to all words in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-22 Oren Barkan , Noam Razin , Itzik Malkiel , Ori Katz , Avi Caciularu , Noam Koenigstein

Personalized speech intelligibility prediction is challenging. Previous approaches have mainly relied on audiograms, which are inherently limited in accuracy as they only capture a listener's hearing threshold for pure tones. Rather than…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-04 Haoshuai Zhou , Changgeng Mo , Boxuan Cao , Linkai Li , Shan Xiang Wang