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Given a graph $H$, a graph $G$ is $H$-free if $G$ does not contain $H$ as an induced subgraph. Shi and Shan conjectured that every $1$-tough $2k$-connected $(P_2 \cup kP_1)$-free graph is hamiltonian for $k \geq 4$. This conjecture has been…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-03-18 Feng Liu

Due to the increasing discovery and implementation of networks within all disciplines of life, the study of subgraph connectivity has become increasingly important. Motivated by the idea of community (or sub-graph) detection within a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-05-19 Linda Eroh , Henry Escuardo , Ralucca Gera , Samuel Prahlow , Karl R. B. Schmitt

Mader [J. Combin. Theory Ser. B 40 (1986) 152-158] proved that every $k$-edge-connected graph $G$ with minimum degree at least $k+1$ contains a vertex $u$ such that $G-\{u\}$ is still $k$-edge-connected. In this paper, we prove that every…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-12-12 Qing Yang , Yingzhi Tian

A graph is \emph{hamiltonian-connected} if every pair of vertices can be connected by a hamiltonian path, and it is \emph{hamiltonian} if it contains a hamiltonian cycle. We construct families of non-hamiltonian graphs for which the ratio…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-07-30 Erik Carlson , Willem Fletcher , MurphyKate Montee , Chi Nguyen , Jarne Renders , Xingyi Zhang

We show that if a graph is k-edge-connected, and we adjoin to it another graph satisfying a "contracted diameter less or equal to 2" condition, with minimal degree greater or equal to k, and some natural hypothesis on the edges connecting…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2008-12-18 José Ignacio Alvarez-Hamelin , Jorge Rodolfo Busch

A graph $G$ has maximal local edge-connectivity $k$ if the maximum number of edge-disjoint paths between every pair of distinct vertices $x$ and $y$ is at most $k$. We prove Brooks-type theorems for $k$-connected graphs with maximal local…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-03-07 Pierre Aboulker , Nick Brettell , Frédéric Havet , Dániel Marx , Nicolas Trotignon

We find the minimal number of links in an embedding of any complete $k$-partite graph on 7 vertices (including $K_7$, which has at least 21 links). We give either exact values or upper and lower bounds for the minimal number of links for…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2009-01-10 Tom Fleming , Blake Mellor

The concept of pendant-tree $k$-connectivity $\tau_k(G)$ of a graph $G$, introduced by Hager in 1985, is a generalization of classical vertex-connectivity. Let $f(n,k,\ell)$ be the minimal number of edges of a graph $G$ of order $n$ with…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-04-26 Yaping Mao

A connected graph $G$ with at least two vertices is matching covered if each of its edges lies in a perfect matching. A matching covered graph is minimal if the removal of any edge results in a graph that is no longer matching covered. An…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-04-02 Xiaoling He , Fuliang Lu , Heping Zhang

For a simple graph $G$, the $3$-distance graph, $D_3(G)$, is a graph with the vertex set $V(G)$ and two vertices are adjacent if and only if their distance is $3$ in the graph $G$. For a connected graph $G$, we provide some conditions for…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-03-12 S. R. Musawi , S. H. Jafari

Let $G$ and $H$ be simple 3-connected graphs such that $G$ has an $H$-minor. An edge $e$ in $G$ is called {\it $H$-deletable} if $G\backslash e$ is 3-connected and has an $H$-minor. The main result in this paper establishes that, if $G$ has…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-07-12 S. R. Kingan

The competition graph of a digraph $D$ is a (simple undirected) graph which has the same vertex set as $D$ and has an edge between two distinct vertices $x$ and $y$ if and only if there exists a vertex $v$ in $D$ such that $(x,v)$ and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-12-25 Suh-Ryung Kim , Jung Yeun Lee , Boram Park , Yoshio Sano

For a graph $G=(V,E)$ and a set $S\subseteq V(G)$ of size at least $2$, a path in $G$ is said to be an $S$-path if it connects all vertices of $S$. Two $S$-paths $P_1$ and $P_2$ are said to be internally disjoint if $E(P_1)\cap…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-08-11 Shasha Li , Yan Zhao

In a graph $G$, a subset of vertices $S \subseteq V(G)$ is said to be cyclable if there is a cycle containing the vertices in some order. $G$ is said to be $k$-cyclable if any subset of $k \geq 2$ vertices is cyclable. If any $k$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-11-28 Niranjan Balachandran , Anish Hebbar

The expansion $F^{\triangle}$ of a graph $F$ is the graph obtained from $F$ by replacing each edge with a triangle. Lv \etal proposed a conjecture on the maximum number of triangles in a graph without $P_k^{\triangle}$ or $C_k^{\triangle}$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-05-19 Jialei Song , Qi Wu , Long-Tu Yuan

We give an affirmative answer to a long-standing conjecture of Thomassen, stating that every sufficiently highly connected graph has a $k$-vertex-connected orientation. We prove that a connectivity of order $O(k^2)$ suffices. As a key tool,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-03-12 Dániel Garamvölgyi , Tibor Jordán , Csaba Király , Soma Villányi

Let $t>0$ be a real number and $G$ be a graph. We say $G$ is $t$-tough if for every cutset $S$ of $G$, the ratio of $|S|$ to the number of components of $G-S$ is at least $t$. The Toughness Conjecture of Chv\'atal, stating that there exists…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-02-15 Lingjuan Shi , Songling Shan

An edge-coloured graph $G$ is rainbow connected if there exists a rainbow path between any two vertices. A graph $G$ is said to be $k$-rainbow connected if there exists an edge-colouring of $G$ with at most $k$ colours that is rainbow…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-06-11 Allan Lo

Let $\mathcal{H}$ be a set of given connected graphs. A graph $G$ is said to be $\mathcal{H}$-free if $G$ contains no $H$ as an induced subgraph for any $H\in \mathcal{H}$. The graph $G$ is super-edge-connected if each minimum edge-cut…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-09-06 Hazhe Ye , Yingzhi Tian

For a graph $F$, we say a hypergraph $H$ is Berge-$F$ if it can be obtained from $F$ be replacing each edge of $F$ with a hyperedge containing it. We say a hypergraph is Berge-$F$-saturated if it does not contain a Berge-$F$, but adding any…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-07-19 Sean English , Dániel Gerbner , Abhishek Methuku , Michael Tait