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We present a theoretical model that fully supports the recently disclosed generalized droop formula (GDF) for calculating the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of constant-output power (COP) amplified dispersion-uncompensated coherent links…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-08-30 Alberto Bononi , Jean-Christophe Antona , Matteo Lonardi , Alexis Carbo-Méseguer , Paolo Serena

We analyze the distribution of the signal to noise ratio (SNR) loss at the output of an adaptive filter which is trained with samples that do not share the same covariance matrix as the samples for which the filter is foreseen. Our…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-12-02 Olivier Besson

Overfitting to the source domain is a common issue in gradient-based training of deep neural networks. To compensate for the over-parameterized models, numerous regularization techniques have been introduced such as those based on dropout.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-12 Mateusz Michalkiewicz , Masoud Faraki , Xiang Yu , Manmohan Chandraker , Mahsa Baktashmotlagh

In this letter, we propose the extension of a previously presented analytical model for the estimation of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at the output of an adaptive equalizer in coherent optical transmission systems when transmission is…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-02-24 Giuseppe Rizzelli , Pablo Torres Ferrera , Roberto Gaudino

This paper proposes a highly accurate algorithm to estimate the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for a linear system from a single realization of the received signal. We assume that the linear system has a Gaussian matrix with one sided left…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-10-10 Mohamed A. Suliman , Ayed M. Alrashdi , Tarig Ballal , Tareq Y. Al-Naffouri

As deep neural networks (DNNs) achieve tremendous success across many application domains, researchers tried to explore in many aspects on why they generalize well. In this paper, we provide a novel perspective on these issues using the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-25 Jinlong Liu , Guoqing Jiang , Yunzhi Bai , Ting Chen , Huayan Wang

We study the input-entropy-constrained Gaussian channel capacity problem in the asymptotic high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) regime. We show that the capacity-achieving distribution as SNR goes to infinity is given by a discrete Gaussian…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Adway Girish , Shlomo Shamai , Emre Telatar

We develop and present a generalization of the GN-model - the generalized Gaussian noise (GGN) model - to enabling a fair application of GN-model to predict generation of nonlinear interference when loss parameters relevantly vary with…

Optics · Physics 2018-06-25 Mattia Cantono , Dario Pilori , Alessio Ferrari , Vittorio Curri

Recent work has suggested that the generalisation performance of a DNN is related to the extent to which the Signal-to-Noise Ratio is optimised at each of the nodes. In contrast, Gradient Descent methods do not always lead to SNR-optimal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-27 Paul Norridge

In this paper we suggest a new algorithm for determination of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). SNR is a quantitative measure widely used in science and engineering. Generally, methods for determination of SNR are based on using of…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2016-09-30 Z. Zh. Zhanabaev , S. N. Akhtanov , E. T. Kozhagulov , B. A Karibayev

Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) statistics play a central role in many applications. A common situation where SNR is studied is when a continuous time signal is sampled at a fixed frequency with some noise in the background. While estimation…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-11-05 Francesco Giordano , Pietro Coretto

Enhancing noisy speech is an important task to restore its quality and to improve its intelligibility. In traditional non-machine-learning (ML) based approaches the parameters required for noise reduction are estimated blindly from the…

Sound · Computer Science 2018-01-16 Robert Rehr , Timo Gerkmann

Neural networks are known to develop latent representations that are $aligned$, namely structurally similar across networks trained with different architectures, training protocols, or training datasets. We study this phenomenon in a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-27 Ali Hussaini Umar , Alessandro Laio

We study the development of mean structures in a nonlinear model of large scale ocean dynamics with bottom topography and dissipation, and forced with a noise term. We show that the presence of noise in this nonlinear model leads to…

chao-dyn · Physics 2015-06-24 Alberto Alvarez , Emilio Hernandez-Garcia , Joaquin Tintore

A wideband Gaussian Noise Model of the nonlinear noise power spectral density is developed for a single semiconductor optical amplifier as described by the Agrawal model. A simple, interpretable closed-form expression is obtained for the…

Optics · Physics 2026-03-16 Hartmut Hafermann

Signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) play a crucial role in various statistical models, with important applications in tasks such as estimating heritability in genomics. The method-of-moments estimator is a widely used approach for estimating SNR,…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-06-13 Xiaohan Hu , Zhentao Li , Xiaodong Li

Neural Network Potentials (NNPs) have emerged as a powerful tool for modelling atomic interactions with high accuracy and computational efficiency. Recently, denoising diffusion models have shown promise in NNPs by training networks to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-07 Liam Harcombe , Timothy T. Duignan

Enhanced Gaussian noise models are used to demonstrate that the per-block SNR after fibre transmission varies significantly due to the variable-composition nature of modern probabilistic shaping schemes. We propose a nonlinearity-optimised…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-07-08 Tobias Fehenberger , Alex Alvarado

The reasons behind good DNN generalisation remain an open question. In this paper we explore the problem by looking at the Signal-to-Noise Ratio of nodes in the network. Starting from information theory principles, it is possible to derive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-13 Paul Norridge

In spectroscopic analysis, the peak-based signal-to-noise ratio (pSNR) is commonly used but suffers from limitations such as sensitivity to noise spikes and reduced effectiveness for broader peaks. We introduce the area-based…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-25 Alex Yu , Huaqing Zhao , Lin Z. Li
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