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Related papers: Code-Switching Detection Using ASR-Generated Langu…

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In this paper, we investigate the code-switching detection performance of a code-switching (CS) automatic speech recognition (ASR) system with data-augmented acoustic and language models. We focus on the recognition of Frisian-Dutch radio…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-08-03 Emre Yılmaz , Henk van den Heuvel , David A. van Leeuwen

Code-switching (CS) refers to the phenomenon that languages switch within a speech signal and leads to language confusion for automatic speech recognition (ASR). This paper aims to address language confusion for improving CS-ASR from two…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-10-27 Hexin Liu , Haihua Xu , Leibny Paola Garcia , Andy W. H. Khong , Yi He , Sanjeev Khudanpur

Code-switching-where multilingual speakers alternately switch between languages during conversations-still poses significant challenges to end-to-end (E2E) automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems due to phenomena of both acoustic and…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-12-13 Tzu-Ting Yang , Hsin-Wei Wang , Yi-Cheng Wang , Berlin Chen

Code-switching (CS) refers to the switching of languages within a speech signal and results in language confusion for automatic speech recognition (ASR). To address language confusion, we propose a language alignment loss (LAL) that aligns…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-04 Hexin Liu , Xiangyu Zhang , Haoyang Zhang , Leibny Paola Garcia , Andy W. H. Khong , Eng Siong Chng , Shinji Watanabe

Code-switching automatic speech recognition (CS-ASR) presents unique challenges due to language confusion introduced by spontaneous intra-sentence switching and accent bias that blurs the phonetic boundaries. Although the constituent…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-18 Hexin Liu , Haoyang Zhang , Qiquan Zhang , Xiangyu Zhang , Dongyuan Shi , Eng Siong Chng , Haizhou Li

Code-switching (CS) speech refers to the phenomenon of mixing two or more languages within the same sentence. Despite the recent advances in automatic speech recognition (ASR), CS-ASR is still a challenging task ought to the grammatical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-23 Chen Chen , Yuchen Hu , Chao-Han Huck Yang , Hexin Liu , Sabato Marco Siniscalchi , Eng Siong Chng

Code-switching (CS) occurs when a speaker alternates words of two or more languages within a single sentence or across sentences. Automatic speech recognition (ASR) of CS speech has to deal with two or more languages at the same time. In…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-06-19 Xinyuan Zhou , Emre Yılmaz , Yanhua Long , Yijie Li , Haizhou Li

Code-Switching (CS) is referred to the phenomenon of alternately using words and phrases from different languages. While today's neural end-to-end (E2E) models deliver state-of-the-art performances on the task of automatic speech…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-04 Enes Yavuz Ugan , Christian Huber , Juan Hussain , Alexander Waibel

Languages usually switch within a multilingual speech signal, especially in a bilingual society. This phenomenon is referred to as code-switching (CS), making automatic speech recognition (ASR) challenging under a multilingual scenario. We…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-10-02 Hexin Liu , Leibny Paola Garcia , Xiangyu Zhang , Andy W. H. Khong , Sanjeev Khudanpur

Code-switching (CS) automatic speech recognition (ASR) faces challenges due to the language confusion resulting from accents, auditory similarity, and seamless language switches. Adaptation on the pre-trained multi-lingual model has shown…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Jiahui Zhao , Hao Shi , Chenrui Cui , Tianrui Wang , Hexin Liu , Zhaoheng Ni , Lingxuan Ye , Longbiao Wang

Code-switching speech recognition has attracted an increasing interest recently, but the need for expert linguistic knowledge has always been a big issue. End-to-end automatic speech recognition (ASR) simplifies the building of ASR systems…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-11-02 Ne Luo , Dongwei Jiang , Shuaijiang Zhao , Caixia Gong , Wei Zou , Xiangang Li

Code-Switching (CS) multilingual Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) models can transcribe speech containing two or more alternating languages during a conversation. This paper proposes (1) a new method for creating code-switching ASR…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-09-19 Kunal Dhawan , Dima Rekesh , Boris Ginsburg

In the FAME! Project, a code-switching (CS) automatic speech recognition (ASR) system for Frisian-Dutch speech is developed that can accurately transcribe the local broadcaster's bilingual archives with CS speech. This archive contains…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-07-01 Emre Yılmaz , Samuel Cohen , Xianghu Yue , David van Leeuwen , Haizhou Li

Code-switching (CS) phenomenon occurs when words or phrases from different languages are alternated in a single sentence. Due to data scarcity, building an effective CS Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) system remains challenging. In this…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-23 Yu Xi , Wen Ding , Kai Yu , Junjie Lai

The pervasiveness of intra-utterance code-switching (CS) in spoken content requires that speech recognition (ASR) systems handle mixed language. Designing a CS-ASR system has many challenges, mainly due to data scarcity, grammatical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-12 Amir Hussein , Shammur Absar Chowdhury , Ahmed Abdelali , Najim Dehak , Ahmed Ali , Sanjeev Khudanpur

Language identification for code-switching (CS), the phenomenon of alternating between two or more languages in conversations, has traditionally been approached under the assumption of a single language per token. However, if at least one…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-04-04 Manuel Mager , Özlem Çetinoğlu , Katharina Kann

Code-switching (CS), defined as the mixing of languages in conversations, has become a worldwide phenomenon. The prevalence of CS has been recently met with a growing demand and interest to build CS ASR systems. In this paper, we present…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-08-31 Injy Hamed , Pavel Denisov , Chia-Yu Li , Mohamed Elmahdy , Slim Abdennadher , Ngoc Thang Vu

In recent years, end-to-end speech recognition has emerged as a technology that integrates the acoustic, pronunciation dictionary, and language model components of the traditional Automatic Speech Recognition model. It is possible to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-18 Tzu-Ting Yang , Hsin-Wei Wang , Berlin Chen

Motivated by a growing research interest into automatic speech recognition (ASR), and the growing body of work for languages in which code-switching (CS) often occurs, we present a systematic literature review of code-switching in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Maha Tufail Agro , Atharva Kulkarni , Karima Kadaoui , Zeerak Talat , Hanan Aldarmaki

In this paper, we present our initial efforts for building a code-switching (CS) speech recognition system leveraging existing acoustic models (AMs) and language models (LMs), i.e., no training required, and specifically targeting…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-09-03 Zhen Huang , Xiaodan Zhuang , Daben Liu , Xiaoqiang Xiao , Yuchen Zhang , Sabato Marco Siniscalchi
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