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We present a framework that reformulates gravitational lensing as an optical phenomenon governed by an effective refractive index, enabling exploration of modified gravity theories using undergraduate-level mathematics and optics. After…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-04-09 Romy Hanang Setya Budhi

In this paper we provide a framework for the study of isoperimetric problems in finitely generated group, through a combinatorial study of universal covers of compact simplicial complexes. We show that, when estimating filling functions,…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2015-07-07 Jason Behrstock , Cornelia Drutu

We study sets $E(\Sigma,q)=\left\{\sum_{i=1}^\infty \sigma_iq^i\colon(\sigma_i)\in\Sigma^{\mathbb N}\right\}$ for a finite set $\Sigma\subset \mathbb R$ and $q\in(0,1)$. Under the assumption $q|\Sigma|=1$ we prove several new equivalent…

General Topology · Mathematics 2025-08-28 Szymon Głąb , Mateusz Kula

Unfortunately the proof of the main result of [1], Theorem 1, has a flaw. Namely, Lemma 13 used in the proof of Proposition 11 is correct only under an additional assumption that the operator $A$ is normal (adjoint for the one-sided shift…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2020-12-29 Artem Dudko , Rostislav Grigorchuk

The purpose of this erratum and addendum is to correct the errors in [1]. It consists of five components: 1. Lemma 7.1 and Proposition 7.2 are wrong and discarded; 2. A new proof of existence $\lambda(\xi)$ in (7.1) without Proposition 7.2;…

Representation Theory · Mathematics 2017-07-18 Jing-Song Huang

In their article -Appl. Opt. 58, 1010_1015 (2019)- Gonz\'alez-Acu\~na et al claimed:"an analytical closed-form formula for the design of freeform lenses free of spherical aberration and astigmatism." However, as we show here, their formula…

Optics · Physics 2020-04-22 Juan Camilo Valencia-Estrada , Jorge García-Márquez

In this note, we prove multiplicity one theorems for generalized modular functions (GMF), in terms of their q-exponents, and make a general statement about the nature of values that the prime q-exponents of a GMF can take. We shall also…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2016-02-01 Narasimha Kumar

We prove that the $Z$-spaces $Z^{p,q}_s$ form a complex interpolation scale for all $0 < p,q \leq \infty$ and $s \in \mathbb{R}$, filling a gap in recent work with Pascal Auscher.

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2017-04-11 Alex Amenta

This article concludes the comprehensive study started in [Sz5], where the first non-trivial isospectral pairs of metrics are constructed on balls and spheres. These investigations incorporate 4 different cases since these balls and spheres…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Z. I. Szabo

We give the lens equation for light deflections caused by point mass condensations in an otherwise spatially homogeneous and flat universe. We assume the signal from a distant source is deflected by a single condensation before it reaches…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-28 Bin Chen , Ronald Kantowski , Xinyu Dai

Given a pair of regular quadratic forms over $\mathbb{Q}$ which are in the same genus and a finite set of primes $P$, we show that there is an effective way to determine a rational equivalence between these two quadratic forms which are…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2020-08-04 Wai Kiu Chan , Haochen Gao , Han Li

We give extensive characterizations for an open subset of an affine space of arbitrary dimension, resp. of an inverse limit of prime spectra to be quasi-compact. Among other things weak stability, retro-compactness, and cylinder sets…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2026-04-10 A. Bernhard Zeidler

We present a framework, based on the null-surface formulation of general relativity, for discussing the dynamics of Fermat potentials for gravitational lensing in a generic situation without approximations of any kind. Additionally, we…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-07 Simonetta Frittelli , Ezra T. Newman

This paper is an updated version of ANT-0372 (2002 dec 4) with the same title. Several errors are corrected in this version. An example of the kind of results obtained is: Let K/\Q be an abelian extension with N = [K:\Q] > 1, N odd. Let…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Roland Queme

The substitution lemma is a renowned theorem within the realm of lambda-calculus theory and concerns the interactional behaviour of the metasubstitution operation. In this work, we augment the lambda-calculus's grammar with an uninterpreted…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-09-26 Maria J. D. Lima , Flávio L. C. de Moura

In this note, we reformulate the invariant $\Delta (M, \omega)$ that we defined before, and show its relation with Reidemeister torsion. We calculate $\Delta (M, \omega)$ when the $3$-manifolds are lens spaces, and discuss the…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2024-11-18 Yuanyuan Bao

Let $1<q<2$ and \[ \Lambda(q)={\sum_{k=0}^n a_kq^k\mid a_k\in\{-1,0,1\}, n\ge1}. \] It is well known that if $q$ is not a root of a polynomial with coefficients $0,\pm1$, then $\Lambda(q)$ is dense in $\mathbb{R}$. We give several…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2011-07-26 Nikita Sidorov , Boris Solomyak

I give a new derivation of the Explicit Formula for the general number field K, which treats all primes in exactly the same way, whether they are discrete or archimedean, and also ramified or not. In another token, I advance a probabilistic…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Jean-Francois Burnol

We prove that suitable asymptotic formulae in short intervals hold for the problems of representing an integer as a sum of a prime and a square, or a prime square. Such results are obtained both assuming the Riemann Hypothesis and in the…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2017-05-12 Alessandro Languasco , Alessandro Zaccagnini

Any homogeneous polynomial $P(x, y, z)$ of degree $d$, being restricted to a unit sphere $S^2$, admits essentially a unique representation of the form $\lambda_0 + \sum_{k = 1}^d \lambda_k [\prod_{j = 1}^k L_{kj}]$, where $L_{kj}$'s are…

Complex Variables · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Gabriel Katz