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In order to detect unknown intrusions and runtime errors of computer programs, the cyber-security community has developed various detection techniques. Anomaly detection is an approach that is designed to profile the normal runtime behavior…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-06-03 Byunggu Yu , Junwhan Kim

The increasing digitization of smart grids has made addressing cybersecurity issues crucial in order to secure the power supply. Anomaly detection has emerged as a key technology for cybersecurity in smart grids, enabling the detection of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-12-22 Ömer Sen , Simon Glomb , Martin Henze , Andreas Ulbig

This paper presents an underlying framework for both automating and accelerating malware classification, more specifically, mapping malicious executables to known Advanced Persistent Threat (APT) groups. The main feature of this analysis is…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Noah Subedar , Taeui Kim , Saathwick Venkataramalingam

Provenance-based threat hunting identifies Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs) on endpoints by correlating attack patterns described in Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI) with provenance graphs derived from system audit logs. A fundamental…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Xuebo Qiu , Mingqi Lv , Yimei Zhang , Tieming Chen , Tiantian Zhu , Qijie Song , Shouling Ji

Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs) have created new security challenges for critical infrastructures due to their stealthy, dynamic, and adaptive natures. In this work, we aim to lay a game-theoretic foundation by establishing a multi-stage…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2018-09-10 Linan Huang , Quanyan Zhu

Anomalies represent deviations from the intended system operation and can lead to decreased efficiency as well as partial or complete system failure. As the causes of anomalies are often unknown due to complex system dynamics, efficient…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-31 Benjamin Lindemann , Benjamin Maschler , Nada Sahlab , Michael Weyrich

The complexity and scale of IT systems are increasing dramatically, posing many challenges to real-world anomaly detection. Deep learning anomaly detection has emerged, aiming at feature learning and anomaly scoring, which has gained…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Xue Yang , Enda Howley , Micheal Schukat

Anomaly-based intrusion detection systems are essential defenses against cybersecurity threats because they can identify anomalies in current activities. However, these systems have difficulties providing entity processing independence…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2022-07-25 El Jabri Chaymae , Frappier Marc , Ecarot Thibaud , Tardif Pierre-Martin

Anomaly detection has become an indispensable tool for modern society, applied in a wide range of applications, from detecting fraudulent transactions to malignant brain tumours. Over time, many anomaly detection techniques have been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-26 Mikael Sabuhi , Ming Zhou , Cor-Paul Bezemer , Petr Musilek

Online unsupervised detection of anomalies is crucial to guarantee the correct operation of cyber-physical systems and the safety of humans interacting with them. State-of-the-art approaches based on deep learning via neural networks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Daniele Meli

We introduce a novel method for Additive Noise Analysis for Persistence Thresholding (ANAPT) which separates significant features in the sublevel set persistence diagram of a time series based on a statistics analysis of the persistence of…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2022-09-23 Audun D. Myers , Firas A. Khasawneh , Brittany T. Fasy

Generative adversarial networks (GANs) are able to model the complex highdimensional distributions of real-world data, which suggests they could be effective for anomaly detection. However, few works have explored the use of GANs for the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-03 Houssam Zenati , Chuan Sheng Foo , Bruno Lecouat , Gaurav Manek , Vijay Ramaseshan Chandrasekhar

Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs) are prolonged, stealthy intrusions by skilled adversaries that compromise high-value systems to steal data or disrupt operations. Reconstructing complete attack chains from massive, heterogeneous logs is…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Rujie Dai , Peizhuo Lv , Yujiang Gui , Qiujian Lv , Yuanyuan Qiao , Yan Wang , Degang Sun , Weiqing Huang , Yingjiu Li , XiaoFeng Wang

Advanced persistent threats (APT) combine a variety of different attack forms ranging from social engineering to technical exploits. The diversity and usual stealthiness of APT turns them into a central problem of contemporary practical…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-05-03 Stefan Rass , Sandra König , Stefan Schauer

Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs) evolve through multiple stages, each exhibiting distinct temporal and structural behaviors. Accurate stage estimation is critical for enabling adaptive cyber defense. This paper presents StageFinder, a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Trung V. Phan , Thomas Bauschert

Today's Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs) are large, complex, and affixed with networked sensors and actuators that are targets for cyber-attacks. Conventional detection techniques are unable to deal with the increasingly dynamic and complex…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-01-16 Dan Li , Dacheng Chen , Jonathan Goh , See-kiong Ng

The detection of advanced persistent threats (APTs) remains a crucial challenge due to their stealthy, multistage nature and the limited availability of realistic, labeled datasets for systematic evaluation. Synthetic dataset generation has…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Saleem Ishaq Tijjani , Bogdan Ghita , Nathan Clarke , Matthew Craven

Anomaly detection becomes increasingly important for the dependability and serviceability of IT services. As log lines record events during the execution of IT services, they are a primary source for diagnostics. Thereby, unsupervised…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-21 Thorsten Wittkopp , Alexander Acker , Sasho Nedelkoski , Jasmin Bogatinovski , Dominik Scheinert , Wu Fan , Odej Kao

Anomaly detection methods are part of the systems where rare events may endanger an operation's profitability, safety, and environmental aspects. Although many state-of-the-art anomaly detection methods were developed to date, their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-01 Marek Wadinger , Michal Kvasnica

Advanced persistent threat (APT) is widely acknowledged to be the most sophisticated and potent class of security threat. APT refers to knowledgeable human attackers that are organized, highly sophisticated and motivated to achieve their…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-03-30 Atif Ahmad , Jeb Webb , Kevin C. Desouza , James Boorman
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