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Analysis of an organization's computer network activity is a key component of early detection and mitigation of insider threat, a growing concern for many organizations. Raw system logs are a prototypical example of streaming data that can…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2017-12-19 Aaron Tuor , Samuel Kaplan , Brian Hutchinson , Nicole Nichols , Sean Robinson

Real-time detection of anomalies in streaming data is receiving increasing attention as it allows us to raise alerts, predict faults, and detect intrusions or threats across industries. Yet, little attention has been given to compare the…

Multi-stage threats like advanced persistent threats (APT) pose severe risks by stealing data and destroying infrastructure, with detection being challenging. APTs use novel attack vectors and evade signature-based detection by obfuscating…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Florian Nelles , Abbas Yazdinejad , Ali Dehghantanha , Reza M. Parizi , Gautam Srivastava

Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs) infiltrate cyber systems and compromise specifically targeted data and/or resources through a sequence of stealthy attacks consisting of multiple stages. Dynamic information flow tracking has been proposed…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2018-11-15 Shana Moothedath , Dinuka Sahabandu , Joey Allen , Andrew Clark , Linda Bushnell , Wenke Lee , Radha Poovendran

Most of today's security solutions, such as security information and event management (SIEM) and signature based IDS, require the operator to evaluate potential attack vectors and update detection signatures and rules in a timely manner.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-01-19 Markus Wurzenberger , Florian Skopik , Roman Fiedler , Wolfgang Kastner

Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs) represent a growing menace to modern digital infrastructure. Unlike traditional cyberattacks, APTs are stealthy, adaptive, and long-lasting, often bypassing signature-based detection systems. This paper…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Sidahmed Benabderrahmane , Talal Rahwan

Advanced Persistent Threats or APTs are big challenges to the security of government organizations or industry systems. These threats may result in stealth attacks, but if the attack is confronted before the attacker end goal has been…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-12-05 Rudra Prasad Baksi , Shambhu J. Upadhyaya

Advance Persistent Threats (APTs), adopted by most delicate attackers, are becoming increasing common and pose great threat to various enterprises and institutions. Data provenance analysis on provenance graphs has emerged as a common…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Zian Jia , Yun Xiong , Yuhong Nan , Yao Zhang , Jinjing Zhao , Mi Wen

Benchmarking anomaly detection approaches for multivariate time series is a challenging task due to a lack of high-quality datasets. Current publicly available datasets are too small, not diverse and feature trivial anomalies, which hinders…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Lucas Correia , Jan-Christoph Goos , Thomas Bäck , Anna V. Kononova

Provenance-based Intrusion Detection Systems (PIDSes) have been widely used to detect Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs). Although many studies achieve high performance in the evaluations of their original papers, their performance in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Yue Xiao , Ling Jiang , Sen Nie , Ding Li , Shi Wu , Ke Xu , Qi Li

As the communication industry has connected distant corners of the globe using advances in network technology, intruders or attackers have also increased attacks on networking infrastructure commensurately. System administrators can attempt…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2012-11-21 Monowar H. Bhuyan , D. K. Bhattacharyya , J. K. Kalita

Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs) are among the most sophisticated threats facing critical organizations worldwide. APTs employ specific tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTPs) which make them difficult to detect in comparison to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Almuthanna Alageel , Sergio Maffeis , Imperial College London

Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs) represent a sophisticated and persistent cy-bersecurity challenge, characterized by stealthy, multi-phase, and targeted attacks aimed at compromising information systems over an extended period.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Bassam Noori Shaker , Bahaa Al-Musawi , Mohammed Falih Hassan

Anomaly detection is the process of finding data points that deviate from a baseline. In a real-life setting, anomalies are usually unknown or extremely rare. Moreover, the detection must be accomplished in a timely manner or the risk of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-04-26 Mariem Ben Fadhel , Kofi Nyarko

Anomaly detection has many applications ranging from bank-fraud detection and cyber-threat detection to equipment maintenance and health monitoring. However, choosing a suitable algorithm for a given application remains a challenging design…

Advanced Persistent Threat (APT) attribution is a critical challenge in cybersecurity and implies the process of accurately identifying the perpetrators behind sophisticated cyber attacks. It can significantly enhance defense mechanisms and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Nanda Rani , Bikash Saha , Sandeep Kumar Shukla

Many works have studied the efficacy of state machines for detecting anomalies within NetFlows. These works typically learn a model from unlabeled data and compute anomaly scores for arbitrary traces based on their likelihood of occurrence…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Clinton Cao , Agathe Blaise , Annibale Panichella , Sicco Verwer

As the number of heterogenous IP-connected devices and traffic volume increase, so does the potential for security breaches. The undetected exploitation of these breaches can bring severe cybersecurity and privacy risks. Anomaly-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-15 Willian T. Lunardi , Martin Andreoni Lopez , Jean-Pierre Giacalone

Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs) are stealthy attacks that threaten the security and privacy of sensitive information. Interactions of APTs with victim system introduce information flows that are recorded in the system logs. Dynamic…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-06-29 Dinuka Sahabandu , Shana Moothedath , Joey Allen , Linda Bushnell , Wenke Lee , Radha Poovendran

Advanced attack campaigns span across multiple stages and stay stealthy for long time periods. There is a growing trend of attackers using off-the-shelf tools and pre-installed system applications (such as \emph{powershell} and \emph{wmic})…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-05-21 Aditya Kuppa , Slawomir Grzonkowski , Muhammad Rizwan Asghar , Nhien-An Le-Khac