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We give a new proof of Vassiliev's planarity criterion for framed four-valent graphs (and more generally, *-graphs), which is based on Pontryagin-Kuratowski theorem.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-04-02 Igor Nikonov

Graph coloring with preferences offers a powerful framework for constraint satisfaction problems in which fulfilling every request is impossible but satisfying a guaranteed positive fraction is highly desirable. A \emph{request} on a graph…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-05-25 Shu Fang , Runrun Liu , Gexin Yu

The Petersen colouring conjecture states that every bridgeless cubic graph admits an edge-colouring with $5$ colours such that for every edge $e$, the set of colours assigned to the edges adjacent to $e$ has cardinality either $2$ or $4$,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-09-11 François Pirot , Jean-Sébastien Sereni , Riste Škrekovski

The Unfriendly Partition Conjecture posits that every countable graph admits a 2-colouring in which for each vertex there are at least as many bichromatic edges containing that vertex as monochromatic ones. This is not known in general, but…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-03-22 John Haslegrave

The total chromatic number, $\chi''(G)$ is the minimum number of colors which need to be assigned to obtain a total coloring of the graph $G$. The Total Coloring Conjecture (TCC) made independently by Behzad and Vizing that for any graph,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-11-01 R. Navaneeth , J. Geetha , K. Somasundaram , Hung-Lin Fu

Let G be a combinatorial graph with vertices V and edges E. A proper coloring of G is an assignment of colors to the vertices such that no edge connects two vertices of the same color. These are the colorings considered in the famous Four…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-06-08 Bruce E Sagan

A graph coloring has bounded clustering if each monochromatic component has bounded size. Equivalently, it is a partition of the vertices into induced subgraphs with bounded size components. This paper studies clustered colorings of graphs,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-12-07 Chun-Hung Liu , David R. Wood

Dvo\v{r}\'{a}k and Postle introduced the concept of DP-coloring to overcome some difficulties in list coloring. Sittitrai and Nakprasit combined DP-coloring and defective list coloring to define a new coloring -- relaxed DP-coloring. For…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-11-07 Huihui Fang , Tao Wang

Odd coloring is a proper coloring with an additional restriction that every non-isolated vertex has some color that appears an odd number of times in its neighborhood. The minimum number of colors $k$ that can ensure an odd coloring of a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-06-14 Fangyu Tian , Yuxue Yin

We exhibit infinite families of planar graphs with real chromatic roots arbitrarily close to 4, thus resolving a long-standing conjecture in the affirmative.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2009-09-29 Gordon F. Royle

A coloring of a graph $G=(V,E)$ is a partition $\{V_1, V_2, \ldots, V_k\}$ of $V$ into independent sets or color classes. A vertex $v\in V_i$ is a Grundy vertex if it is adjacent to at least one vertex in each color class $V_j$ for every…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-12-10 Zixing Tang , Baoyindureng Wu , Lin Hu , Manoucheher Zaker

A circular $r$-coloring of a signed graph $(G, \sigma)$ is an assignment $\phi$ of points of a circle $C_r$ of circumference $r$ to the vertices of $(G, \sigma)$ such that for each positive edge $uv$ of $(G, \sigma)$ the distance of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-07-27 František Kardoš , Jonathan Narboni , Reza Naserasr , Zhouningxin Wang

We relate star colouring of even-degree regular graphs to the notions of locally constrained graph homomorphisms to the oriented line graph $ \vec{L}(K_q) $ of the complete graph $ K_q $ and to its underlying undirected graph $ L^*(K_q) $.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-05-08 Cyriac Antony , Shalu M. A

Odd coloring is a proper coloring with an additional restriction that every non-isolated vertex has some color that appears an odd number of times in its neighborhood. The minimum number of colors $k$ that can ensure an odd coloring of a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-06-16 Fangyu Tian , Yuxue Yin

A colored complete graph is said to be Gallai-colored if it contains no rainbow triangle. This property has been shown to be equivalent to the existence of a partition of the vertices (of every induced subgraph) in which at most two colors…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-05-29 Colton Magnant , Zhuojun Magnant

A graph embedded in a surface with all faces of size 4 is known as a quadrangulation. We extend the definition of quadrangulation to higher dimensions, and prove that any graph G which embeds as a quadrangulation in the real projective…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-05-07 Tomáš Kaiser , Matěj Stehlík

A signed graph is a pair $(G,\sigma)$, where $G$ is a graph and $\sigma: E(G)\rightarrow \{-, +\}$, called signature, is an assignment of signs to the edges. Given a signed graph $(G,\sigma)$ with no negative loops, a balanced…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-04-18 Xiaolan Hu , Luis Kuffner , Jiaao Li , Reza Naserasr , Lujia Wang , Zhouningxin Wang , Xiaowei Yu

A collection of graphs is \textit{nearly disjoint} if every pair of them intersects in at most one vertex. We prove that if $G_1, \dots, G_m$ are nearly disjoint graphs of maximum degree at most $D$, then the following holds. For every…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-10-31 Tom Kelly , Daniela Kühn , Deryk Osthus

The local chromatic number of a graph was introduced by Erd\H{o}s et al. [4]. In [17] a connection to topological properties of (a box complex of) the graph was established and in [18] it was shown that if a graph is strongly topologically…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2010-10-04 Bojan Mohar , Gábor Simonyi , Gábor Tardos

Concerning the recent notion of circular chromatic number of signed graphs, for each given integer $k$ we introduce two signed bipartite graphs, each on $2k^2-k+1$ vertices, having shortest negative cycle of length $2k$, and the circular…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-03-04 Anna Gujgiczer , Reza Naserasr , Rohini S , S Taruni