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Word embeddings, which represent a word as a point in a vector space, have become ubiquitous to several NLP tasks. A recent line of work uses bilingual (two languages) corpora to learn a different vector for each sense of a word, by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-06-27 Shyam Upadhyay , Kai-Wei Chang , Matt Taddy , Adam Kalai , James Zou

The widely studied task of Natural Language Inference (NLI) requires a system to recognize whether one piece of text is textually entailed by another, i.e. whether the entirety of its meaning can be inferred from the other. In current NLI…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-26 Sihao Chen , Senaka Buthpitiya , Alex Fabrikant , Dan Roth , Tal Schuster

Probing the multilingual knowledge of linguistic structure in LLMs, often characterized as sequence labeling, faces challenges with maintaining output templates in current text-to-text prompting strategies. To solve this, we introduce a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Ercong Nie , Shuzhou Yuan , Bolei Ma , Helmut Schmid , Michael Färber , Frauke Kreuter , Hinrich Schütze

Learning word embeddings using distributional information is a task that has been studied by many researchers, and a lot of studies are reported in the literature. On the contrary, less studies were done for the case of multiple languages.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-15 Marco Berlot , Evan Kaplan

Neural networks trained on natural language processing tasks capture syntax even though it is not provided as a supervision signal. This indicates that syntactic analysis is essential to the understating of language in artificial…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-05 Tomasz Limisiewicz , David Mareček

Recent work on learning multilingual word representations usually relies on the use of word-level alignements (e.g. infered with the help of GIZA++) between translated sentences, in order to align the word embeddings in different languages.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2014-01-09 Stanislas Lauly , Alex Boulanger , Hugo Larochelle

Distributed word representations (word embeddings) have recently contributed to competitive performance in language modeling and several NLP tasks. In this work, we train word embeddings for more than 100 languages using their corresponding…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2014-06-30 Rami Al-Rfou , Bryan Perozzi , Steven Skiena

Probing is widely used to study which features can be decoded from language model representations. However, the common decoding probe approach has two limitations that we aim to solve with our new encoding probe approach: contributions of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Gaofei Shen , Martijn Bentum , Tom Lentz , Afra Alishahi , Grzegorz Chrupała

The development of large language models (LLM) has shown progress on reasoning, though studies have largely considered either English or simple reasoning tasks. To address this, we introduce a multilingual structured reasoning and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Bryan Li , Tamer Alkhouli , Daniele Bonadiman , Nikolaos Pappas , Saab Mansour

A neural language model trained on a text corpus can be used to induce distributed representations of words, such that similar words end up with similar representations. If the corpus is multilingual, the same model can be used to learn…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-01-10 Johannes Bjerva , Robert Östling , Maria Han Veiga , Jörg Tiedemann , Isabelle Augenstein

Learning distributed sentence representations is one of the key challenges in natural language processing. Previous work demonstrated that a recurrent neural network (RNNs) based sentence encoder trained on a large collection of annotated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-08-20 Wasi Uddin Ahmad , Xueying Bai , Zhechao Huang , Chao Jiang , Nanyun Peng , Kai-Wei Chang

We present a neural network architecture based on bidirectional LSTMs to compute representations of words in the sentential contexts. These context-sensitive word representations are suitable for, e.g., distinguishing different word senses…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2015-11-23 Kazuya Kawakami , Chris Dyer

Representation learning is the foundation of natural language processing (NLP). This work presents new methods to employ visual information as assistant signals to general NLP tasks. For each sentence, we first retrieve a flexible number of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-10 Zhuosheng Zhang , Kehai Chen , Rui Wang , Masao Utiyama , Eiichiro Sumita , Zuchao Li , Hai Zhao

With the development of several multilingual datasets used for semantic parsing, recent research efforts have looked into the problem of learning semantic parsers in a multilingual setup. However, how to improve the performance of a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-06-15 Yanyan Zou , Wei Lu

We tackle the task of automatically discriminating between human and machine translations. As opposed to most previous work, we perform experiments in a multilingual setting, considering multiple languages and multilingual pretrained…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-01 Malina Chichirau , Rik van Noord , Antonio Toral

We assess how multilingual language models maintain a shared multilingual representation space while still encoding language-sensitive information in each language. Using XLM-R as a case study, we show that languages occupy similar linear…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Tyler A. Chang , Zhuowen Tu , Benjamin K. Bergen

Natural language processing (NLP) tasks (e.g. question-answering in English) benefit from knowledge of other tasks (e.g. named entity recognition in English) and knowledge of other languages (e.g. question-answering in Spanish). Such shared…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-03-23 Ishan Tarunesh , Sushil Khyalia , Vishwajeet Kumar , Ganesh Ramakrishnan , Preethi Jyothi

Natural language numbers are an example of compositional structures, where larger numbers are composed of operations on smaller numbers. Given that compositional reasoning is a key to natural language understanding, we propose novel…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-15 Devin Johnson , Denise Mak , Drew Barker , Lexi Loessberg-Zahl

Cross-lingual document classification aims at training a document classifier on resources in one language and transferring it to a different language without any additional resources. Several approaches have been proposed in the literature…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-05-28 Holger Schwenk , Xian Li

Although much effort has recently been devoted to training high-quality sentence embeddings, we still have a poor understanding of what they are capturing. "Downstream" tasks, often based on sentence classification, are commonly used to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-07-10 Alexis Conneau , German Kruszewski , Guillaume Lample , Loïc Barrault , Marco Baroni