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This paper demonstrates that Phrase-Based Statistical Machine Translation (PBSMT) can outperform Transformer-based Neural Machine Translation (NMT) in moderate-resource scenarios, specifically for structurally similar languages, like the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Waisullah Yousofi , Pushpak Bhattacharyya

The machine translation mechanism translates texts automatically between different natural languages, and Neural Machine Translation (NMT) has gained attention for its rational context analysis and fluent translation accuracy. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-03 Neeraj Vashistha , Kriti Singh , Ramakant Shakya

Sans a dwindling number of monolingual embedding studies originating predominantly from the low-resource domains, it is evident that multilingual embedding has become the de facto choice due to its adaptability to the usage of code-mixed…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Kasun Wickramasinghe , Nisansa de Silva

Machine Translation (MT) is widely employed to address resource scarcity in low-resource languages by generating synthetic data from high-resource counterparts. While sentiment preservation in translation has long been studied, a critical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Mohsinul Kabir , Tasnim Ahmed , Md Mezbaur Rahman , Polydoros Giannouris , Sophia Ananiadou

Natural Language Generation (NLG) refers to the operation of expressing the calculation results of a system in human language. Since the quality of generated sentences from an NLG model cannot be fully represented using only quantitative…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-08-04 Dojun Park , Youngjin Jang , Harksoo Kim

In natural language processing tasks performance of the models is often measured with some non-differentiable metric, such as BLEU score. To use efficient gradient-based methods for optimization, it is a common workaround to optimize some…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-08-24 Vlad Zhukov , Eugene Golikov , Maksim Kretov

N-gram matching-based evaluation metrics, such as BLEU and chrF, are widely utilized across a range of natural language generation (NLG) tasks. However, recent studies have revealed a weak correlation between these matching-based metrics…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-11 Xianfeng Zeng , Yijin Liu , Fandong Meng , Jie Zhou

In multilingual neural machine translation, it has been shown that sharing a single translation model between multiple languages can achieve competitive performance, sometimes even leading to performance gains over bilingually trained…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-09-14 Devendra Singh Sachan , Graham Neubig

This work introduces a simple regressive ensemble for evaluating machine translation quality based on a set of novel and established metrics. We evaluate the ensemble using a correlation to expert-based MQM scores of the WMT 2021 Metrics…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-16 Michal Štefánik , Vít Novotný , Petr Sojka

A key challenge in MT evaluation is the inherent noise and inconsistency of human ratings. Regression-based neural metrics struggle with this noise, while prompting LLMs shows promise at system-level evaluation but performs poorly at…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-21 Shaomu Tan , Christof Monz

Document-level translation models are usually evaluated using general metrics such as BLEU, which are not informative about the benefits of context. Current work on context-aware evaluation, such as contrastive methods, only measure…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-05 Wafaa Mohammed , Vlad Niculae

One of the significant challenges of Machine Translation (MT) is the scarcity of large amounts of data, mainly parallel sentence aligned corpora. If the evaluation is as rigorous as resource-rich languages, both Neural Machine Translation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-06 Amit Kumar , Rupjyoti Baruah , Ajay Pratap , Mayank Swarnkar , Anil Kumar Singh

Zero-shot neural machine translation is an attractive goal because of the high cost of obtaining data and building translation systems for new translation directions. However, previous papers have reported mixed success in zero-shot…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-04 Annette Rios , Mathias Müller , Rico Sennrich

Transferability estimation has been attached to great attention in the computer vision fields. Researchers try to estimate with low computational cost the performance of a model when transferred from a source task to a given target task.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-11 Jun Bai , Xiaofeng Zhang , Chen Li , Hanhua Hong , Xi Xu , Chenghua Lin , Wenge Rong

Artificial Intelligence (AI), along with the recent progress in biomedical language understanding, is gradually changing medical practice. With the development of biomedical language understanding benchmarks, AI applications are widely used…

We investigate MT evaluation metric performance on adversarially-synthesized texts, to shed light on metric robustness. We experiment with word- and character-level attacks on three popular machine translation metrics: BERTScore, BLEURT,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-02 Yichen Huang , Timothy Baldwin

While synthetic bilingual corpora have demonstrated their effectiveness in low-resource neural machine translation (NMT), adding more synthetic data often deteriorates translation performance. In this work, we propose alternated training…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-17 Rui Jiao , Zonghan Yang , Maosong Sun , Yang Liu

Despite significant improvements in enhancing the quality of translation, context-aware machine translation (MT) models underperform in many cases. One of the main reasons is that they fail to utilize the correct features from context when…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-01 Huy Hien Vu , Hidetaka Kamigaito , Taro Watanabe

For natural language understanding (NLU) technology to be maximally useful, both practically and as a scientific object of study, it must be general: it must be able to process language in a way that is not exclusively tailored to any one…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-02-26 Alex Wang , Amanpreet Singh , Julian Michael , Felix Hill , Omer Levy , Samuel R. Bowman

In this study, we present an analysis regarding the performance of the state-of-art Phrase-based Statistical Machine Translation (SMT) on multiple Indian languages. We report baseline systems on several language pairs. The motivation of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-01-17 Nadeem Jadoon Khan , Waqas Anwar , Nadir Durrani